18 Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea, MERS-CoV, MRSA

Alphacoronavirus of family coronaviridae

What is the scientific name for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea?

Pigs

What species is affected by Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea?

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Clinical signs of this infection in pigs is watery acute diarrhea, vomiting, severe dehydration, depression, anorexia, and abdominal pain

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Piglets with this infection have dehydration, distended intestines filled with yellow fluid, and atrophic villi within the small intestine. Can have extensive necrosis of back muscles

Highest mortality: suckling piglets
Piglets older than 10 days
Lowest Mortality: Adult and fattening pigs

Rank the mortality rate from highest to lowest of the following groups affected by Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea:
1. Piglets older than 10 days
2. Adult and fattening pigs
3. Suckling piglets

Transmissible gastroenteritis

What disease is Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea hard to distinguish from?

MAIN: fecal oral
Can also be airborne or indirect (feed trucks or fecally contaminated objects)

What is transmission for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea?

Yes

Does PED have a vaccine?

Providing fluids and quarantine

What is the most effective treatment for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea?

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

What does MERS-CoV stand for?

Betacoronavirus cameli

What is the scientific name for MERS-CoV?

Dromedary camels (reservoir host), llamas, alpacas, bats, humans

What animals does MERS-CoV occur in?

No

Is PED zoonotic?

MERS-CoV

Which infection occurs primarily in the middle east (saudi arabia) but also africa, south asia, and there have been 2 cases in the U.S.?

MERS-CoV

Clinical signs of this infection appear 5-6 days after exposure, with fever, cough, shortness of breath, pneumonia, muscle aches in humans. 1/4 of cases are asymptomatic

Typically asymptomatic, sometimes mild upper respiratory

What is MERS-CoV like in camels clinically?

MERS-CoV

In humans, this infection can be diagnosed with NAAT, ELISA, PCR, and Serology from respiratory samples

Respiratory secretions (saliva/mucous), direct and indirect

How does MERS-CoV transmit?

NO ANTIVIRAL, supportive only

What is the treatment for MERS-CoV?

NO

Does MERS-CoV have a vaccine?

Yes

Is MERS-CoV reportable?

Avoid camel milk/urine, wash hands after contact

What should you avoid to control MERS-CoV?

Humans: MRSA
Companion animals: +MRSP

Of MRSA and +MRSP which is more common in companion animals? Humans?

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus/pseudintermedius

What does MRSA/MRSP stand for?

YES

Is MRSA zoonotic?

MRSA

Clinical signs of this infection in humans is surgical site/skin infection appearing as a red, swollen, painful, purulent bump accompanied by fever progressing to pneumonia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis or sepsis

+MRSP

Clinical signs of this infection in animals is surgical site infections and pyoderma with lesions that contains pustules, scaling, hairloss, otitis, or UTI

Culture and lesion sensitivity

How do you diagnose MRSA?

Direct or indirect environmental (nursing homes/hospitals), owners to animals (animals act as reinfection reservoir)

How is MRSA transmitted?

Topical/oral antibiotics

How do you treat MRSA?

MRSA

Which infection can be controlled by wound covering, disinfection, isolation, and good hygiene practice?

Multiple drug resistance

What is the hardest thing about treating MRSA?

Sepsis or death

What is the outcome if MRSA is left untreated?