Eukaryotic Cell Organelles Lecture Notes

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the structure and function of eukaryotic cell organelles as described in the provided lecture notes.

Cell Organelles

Specialized structures inside a cell that carry out various life processes independently at the same time, helping in building new materials, removing waste, and providing energy.

Nucleus

The house of coded instructions which has a double-layered covering called the nuclear membrane, containing pores for material transfer between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Nucleolus

The dense round body located in the nucleus where the synthesis of ribosomal subunits takes place.

Ribosome

Organelles that assemble in the cytoplasm from one large and one small subunit; they are involved in protein synthesis.

Chromosomes

Rod-shaped structures visible only when a cell is about to divide, composed of DNA and specific proteins, containing information for inheritance of characters.

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

Molecules that contain genetic information within the chromosomes.

Genes

The functional segments of DNA.

Chromatin

An entangled mass of thread-like structures present in non-dividing cells that organizes into chromosomes when the cell is about to divide.

Mature Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

Enucleate human cells that lack a nucleus to provide more space for haemoglobin for oxygen transport, with a lifespan of approximately $120$ days.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A membrane network that spreads throughout the cell, involved in synthesis and transport of material.

Rough ER (RER)

A type of Endoplasmic Reticulum that has ribosomes on its surface and is involved mainly in protein synthesis and secretion.

Smooth ER (SER)

A type of Endoplasmic Reticulum that does not have ribosomes, has a smooth appearance, and is involved in storage.

Golgi apparatus

An organelle described as the cell's shipping and receiving department or post office, consisting of sac-like structures.