Cells of the Immune System - Fill in the Blank

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering major immune cells, hematopoiesis, and lymphocyte biology from the lecture notes.

The key cell of the bone marrow is the __, from which multipotent and committed hematopoietic progenitors arise.

hematopoietic stem cell

The three major lineages in hematopoiesis are the erythroid lineage, the myeloid lineage, and the __ lineage.

lymphoid

The erythroid lineage gives rise to erythrocytes and __.

platelets

The myeloid lineage includes granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils), mast cells, monocytes, macrophages, and __ dendritic cells.

myeloid

The lymphoid lineage gives rise to __.

lymphocytes

GM-CSF stands for Granulocyte-Monocyte __.

CSF

G-CSF stands for Granulocyte __.

CSF

Hematopoietic growth factors include IL-1, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and __.

IL-7

Eosinophil production is driven by IL-5, IL-3, and __.

GM-CSF

Neutrophil production is driven by __, GM-CSF, and IL-3.

G-CSF

Monocyte production is driven by M-CSF, GM-CSF, and __.

IL-3

Basophil production and mast cell differentiation are driven by IL-4, IL-9, and __.

GM-CSF

Neutrophils constitute about __% of the blood leukocytes in most carnivores.

60-75%

Life span in health: __.

48-72 hours

Eosinophils function as antiparasitic effectors, particularly in __ infections.

helminthic

Basophils are mediators of __.

inflammation

Monocytes are precursors of __ and dendritic cells.

macrophages

Macrophages are sentinel cells that perform immune surveillance and __.

phagocytosis

Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells that specialize in __.

antigen processing and presentation

Mast cells release inflammatory mediators via __.

degranulation

Natural killer cells destroy virally infected or abnormal host cells through release of __.

cytotoxic granules

Lymphocytes are the only cells in the body capable of specifically recognizing and distinguishing different __.

antigens

In birds, B lymphocytes maturate in the __.

Bursa of Fabricius

In mammals, B lymphocytes maturate in the __.

bone marrow

Precursors of T lymphocytes arise from bone marrow and mature in the __.

thymus

B lymphocytes differentiate into __ cells.

plasma

Mature lymphocytes develop from bone marrow stem cells in the generative lymphoid organs, and immune responses occur in the __ tissues.

peripheral lymphoid

B Lymphocytes recognize extracellular antigens and produce __.

antibodies

T Lymphocytes recognize intracellular antigens and produce __.

cytokines

Natural killer cells have a lifespan of __.

weeks to months