Anthropology 101 UDel exam 2

Transnationalism

peoples' lives straddling between countries

Embedded relationships

smaller groups combined to form larger groups and ultimately form communities

Marriage

a contract involving customs, rules and obligations

dowry

gifts to groom's family given by the brides family

bridewealth

gifts to bride's family given by the grooms family

bride service

groom works for bride's family for a period of time

Weddings

a rite of passage. A public event that marks the individuals transitions from single to married

arranged marriage

marital union where the bride and groom are proposed by their mother and father

Incest taboo

any cultural role or norm that prohibit sexual relations between closely related people

Endogamy

marrying within your group

Exogamy

marrying outside of your group

Patrilocal

live with husbands family

Matrilocal

live with wife's family

Neolocal

establish new residence

Monogamy

2 people apart of the relationship. Husband and wife

Polygyny

1 husband and 2 or more wives

Polyandry

1 wife and 2 or more husbands

Fraternal polyandry

two or more brothers are married to the same wife, with the wife having equal 'sexual access' to them.

Endogamous

married within their community, cousins preferred

kinship

who your relatives are

nuclear families

the ideal form with mom, dad and children

multigenerational

grandpa, grandma, mom, dad and kids

descent

groups of people related from a common past ancestor either real or mythical person

Unilineal

descent from one side of the family

patrilineal

descent from father side only

matrilineal

descent from mother side only

lineage

group of people related from a real common past ancestor

clan

group of people related from a mythical common past ancestor

bilateral

aka bilineal. descent from both sides

kindreds

YOUR family that's related to each other

Parallel cousins

the children whose parents are the children whose parents are the same sex siblings ex: mothers sister and fathers brother

Cross cousins

the children of opposite sex sibilings; the children of mothers brother and fathers sister

segmentary lineage

group between lineage and clan. Related lineages that take care of practical tasks

corporate unit

involved in collective actions

tribe

no one head/chief. Segmentary lineage

age sets

group of people around the same age and gender that pass through life stages (cuts cross cousins)

age grade

life stages. boy, youth and elder presented by different looks

rites of passages

marking the transition from one age to another (head shaving)

Common Interest Association

group joined together due to common interest with no family relation

Functionalist view

integrative view. It benefits everyone for freedom, wealth and status. (teamwork)

Exploitive view

self interest for their own freedom, wealth and status by exploiting others

Class system

where members of a society are ranked from higher to lower based on wealth, status and education. Levels are ambiguous

Caste system

the ranking of members in a society by occupational status and birth. Social mobility, moving up and down in the hierarchy

Community empowerment

to improve working/housing conditions

egocentric

thinking of oneself without regard for the feelings or desires of others; self-centered

Dushmani

Enemy

Pastoralism

type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter.

worldview

A person's view of the world, consisting of the set of beliefs on which he bases his life.

cosmology

The understanding of the nature of the universe

Shaman

A person who is believed to have the power to cure the sick and forecast and control the future

karma

"action" - the moral law of cause and effect of actions; determines the nature of one's rebirth.

Samsara

is divided into six realms. When a person who is not enlightened dies, he or she is reborn in one of these realms. Wheel of life.

Prayer flag

a flag stamped with printed prayers, used by Himalayan Buddhists, who believe that its fluttering sends out the prayers inscribed on it.

mantra

a commonly repeated word/phrase or symbol

rituals

Pattern forms of behavior to supernatural realm

Rite of Passage

A ritual marking the symbolic transition from one life cycle stage to another life cycle stage -- graduation, marriage, batsmitzfa

liminal

The in-between phase of a passage rite

holistic

whole rather than the parts

animism

Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.

syncretism

A blending of two or more religious traditions

myth

A traditional story about gods, ancestors, or heroes, told to explain the natural world or the customs and beliefs of a society.

creation myth

a symbolic narrative of how the world began and how people first came to inhabit it.

Hero myth

Wizard of Oz, Harry Potter, Starwars, etc

subsistence

The patterns of production, distribution, and consumption that members of a society employ to ensure the satisfaction of their basic material survival needs

hunting/gathering

The killing of wild animals and fish as well as the gathering of fruits, roots, nuts, and other plants for sustenance.

Indigenous knowledge

the local knowledge - knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society

seasonality

a characteristic of a time series in which the data experiences regular and predictable changes which recur every calendar year

reciprocity

A mode of exchange in which individuals can exchange goods and services

domestication

when humans intervene in the breeding patterns of plants or animals

agriculture

Food production in which fields are in permanent cultivation using plows, animals and techniques of soil and water control.

carrying capacity

the number of people supported with a given level of technology

industrial agriculture

machine operated by tractor

intensive agriculture

working harder. reliance of buffalo pulling a plow or other domestic animals to farm

transformation

one group adopting or imitating the stories of a neighboring group