Glial cell types and Functions

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Last updated 11:32 PM on 9/21/26

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10 Terms

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Astrocytes

Support neurons, maintain the blood-brain barrier, regulate ions and neurotransmitters, and help repair nervous tissue.

location=Central Nervous System(CNS)

*Astrocytes → Support

<p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Support neurons, maintain the blood-brain barrier, regulate ions and neurotransmitters, and help repair nervous tissue.</p><p class="MsoNormal">location=Central Nervous System(CNS)</p><p><span style="color: rgb(3, 5, 1);"><mark data-color="#050000" style="background-color: rgb(5, 0, 0); color: inherit;">*Astrocytes → Support</mark></span></p><p></p>

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Oligodendrocytes

Produce myelin around axons, which speeds up nerve impulse transmission.

location = Central Nervous System

*Oligodendrocytes → Myelin in CNS

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Microglia

Act as the immune cells of the CNS; remove damaged cells, pathogens, and cellular debris.

location = Central Nervous System

*Microglia → Immune defense

<p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Act as the immune cells of the CNS; remove damaged cells, pathogens, and cellular debris.</p><p class="MsoNormal">location = Central Nervous System</p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><mark data-color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: inherit;">*Microglia</mark></strong><mark data-color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: inherit;"> → </mark><strong><mark data-color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: inherit;">Immune defense</mark></strong></p>

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Ependymal cells

Line the brain ventricles and spinal cord; help produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

location = Central Nervous System

*Ependymal → CSF

<p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Line the brain ventricles and spinal cord; help produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).</p><p class="MsoNormal">location = Central Nervous System</p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><mark data-color="#040000" style="background-color: rgb(4, 0, 0); color: inherit;">*Ependymal</mark></strong><mark data-color="#040000" style="background-color: rgb(4, 0, 0); color: inherit;"> → </mark><strong><mark data-color="#040000" style="background-color: rgb(4, 0, 0); color: inherit;">CSF</mark></strong></p>

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Schwann cells

Produce myelin around peripheral nerves and help with axon regeneration.

location= Peripheral Nervous System(PNS)

*Schwann → Myelin in PNS

<p>     </p><p class="MsoNormal">Produce myelin around peripheral nerves and help with axon regeneration.</p><p class="MsoNormal">location= Peripheral Nervous System(PNS)  </p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><mark data-color="#020000" style="background-color: rgb(2, 0, 0); color: inherit;">*Schwann</mark></strong><mark data-color="#020000" style="background-color: rgb(2, 0, 0); color: inherit;"> → </mark><strong><mark data-color="#020000" style="background-color: rgb(2, 0, 0); color: inherit;">Myelin in PNS</mark></strong></p>

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Satellite cells

Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia and regulate their chemical environment and provide support.

location = Peripheral Nervous System

*Satellite → Support PNS neuron bodies

<p>       </p><p class="MsoNormal">Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia and regulate their chemical environment and provide support.</p><p class="MsoNormal">location =<strong> </strong>Peripheral Nervous System</p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><mark data-color="#040000" style="background-color: rgb(4, 0, 0); color: inherit;">*Satellite</mark></strong><mark data-color="#040000" style="background-color: rgb(4, 0, 0); color: inherit;"> → </mark><strong><mark data-color="#040000" style="background-color: rgb(4, 0, 0); color: inherit;">Support PNS neuron bodies</mark></strong></p>

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CNS = Central Nervous System

brain + spinal cord

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PNS = Peripheral Nervous System

nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

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Glial Cell are any of the non-neuronal cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems that provide support, nourishment, and insulation to neurons.

Type and Functions of Glial Cell

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Macroglia

Large cell that supports neurons, They include astrocytes and oligodendrites