psychology mental disorders

psychodynamic

unresolved childhood conflicts and unconscious thoughts

cognitive

maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, or emotions

humanistic

lack of social support and the inability to fulfils one's potential

Behavioral

maladaptive learned associations

classical conditioning

Biological

genetic or physiological predispositions

evolunionary

maladaptive forms of behaviors that enabled human survival

sociocultural

problematic social and cultural contexts

biopsychological

any psychological problem potentially involves a combination of

biological, psychological and sociocultural factors

biological influence

evolution, individual genes, brain structure and chemsitry

psychological influence

stress, trauma, learned helplessness, brain structure and chemistry

social-culture influence

roles and expectations

anxiety disorders

a group of disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety and related maladaptive disorders

Social Anxiety Disorder

- intense fear and avoidance of social situations

Generalized anxiety disorder

a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Panic disorder

anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations often followed by worry over a possible next attack

agoraphobia

a specific phobia involving fear or avoidance of public

obsessions

extreme concern and focus

compulsions

excessive actions directed to a obsession

Conditioning learning perspective

taught/ learned through fear condtioning

conditoning biological perspective

genetics make it possible for high levels of emotional reactivity and over response in brains fear circuits

depressive disorders

enduring sadness, empty, or irritable mood, along with physical and cognitive charges that affect a person’s ability to function

bipolar

alterantes between the hopepless depression to over excited state on mania

major depressive disorder

five or more depressive sympotoms lasting 2 weeks or longer

presistent depressive disorder

depressed mood more often than not for at least 2 years

bipolar 1

the most severe- can experience a high energentic mania for weeks

bipolar 2

a less severe- people move between depression and milder hypomania

social-cognitive perspective

ongoing cycle of stressful experience- leads to negative mood and thoughts and actions fueling new stressful expierences

schizophrenia

delusiions and hallusicnation, disorgainzed thinking or speech, disorganized motor behavior or unusal behavior

psychotic disorders

irrational ideas, distorted perceptions and a loss of contact with reality

delusions

false beliefs- can be paranoia

positive

persecution- others are trying to harm u

grandeur- you have exceptional ablilities

halluscinations

sensory experiences without sensory stimuli- positive

postive symptoms

acts in an excessive way

negative

acts less the normal- social withdraw

chronic schizo

symptoms appear in late adolescence or early adulthood as people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery is shortened

Acute schizophrenia

- a form that can begin at any age, frequently after a traumatic event and from which recovery is much more likely

Brain abnormalities and schizophrenia

• Display excess amounts of dopamine receptors which may intensify brain signals, creating positive symptoms such as hallucinations and paranoia

• Brain scans have suggested abnormal activity in the frontal lobes, thalamus and amygdala

• Enlarged fluid-filled areas and corresponding shrinking and thinning of cerebral tissue

Prenatal environment

maternal diabetes, older paternal age, viral infections, famine conditions, extreme maternal stress during pregnancy, low birth weight or oxygen deprivation at birth

ASD

repetrive behaviors, social communitcaion, and restricted movement

nerodelevoplemental disorders

early onset, functional impairments

disorganzied motor behavior

can be potsive or negative depending on the actions

alogia

negative symptom of diminished speech

catatonic stupor

minimal movement or speech