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dr. lee exam 3
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total cholesterol calculation
LDL + HDL = TG/5
function of cholesterol
precursory of vitamin D, lipoprotein, membrane homeostasis, membrane fluidity, insulate nerve fiber, bile acid, steroid hormone precursor
normal triglyceride level is
below 150
can only use calculation when triglycerides are less than
400
dyslipidemia
usually hyperlipidemia; low hdl, high ldl, high triglycerides
why is hdl good cholesterol
bc the HDL takes out the LDL
ezetimibe
blocks cholesterol absorption in intestines
statins
reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver
list the statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors)
atorvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin
what is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor
ezetimibe
ADRs of statins
muscle pain/toxicity; rhabdomyolysis
liver toxicity
confusion
increased risk of diabetes
brand of atorvastin
lipitor
brand of lovastatin
mevacor
generic of pravachol
pravastatin
generic of crestor
rosuvastatin
generic of zocor
simvastatin
the best to lower LDL
statins and PSK9 SC injection
best to lower triglycerides
fibric acid and fatty acids
brand of ezetimibe
zetia
ADRs of Zetia
diarrhea
muscle pain (when combined with a statin)
what expect when taking statins
reduce ldl in blood cholesterol
reduce cardiovascular events (stroke, myocardial infarction)
pleotropic effects
stabilize cholesterol plague
improve endothelial function
anti-inflammatory effects
what to expect when taking zetia
reduce cardiovascular events
reduce ldl
brand of colesevelam
welchol
what to expect when taking welchol
reduce TG (hypertriglyceridemia)
ADRs of colesevelam
avoid in pt with TG>500, or history of pancreatitis
constipation, indigestion
generic of lovaza
omega-3 acid ethyl esters
expectation of omega-3
reduce TG
ADRs of lovaza
avoid in pt with shellfish/fish allergy
burping, dyspepsia, diarrhea
increased bleeding
list of fibric acid derivatives
fenofibrate, gemfibrozil
brand of fenofibrate
tricor, trillipix
generic of lopid
gemfibrozil
what to expect when taking fibric acid derivatives
reduce TG
ADRs in fibric acid derivatives
avoid in pt with liver disease, severe renal disease, gallbladder disease, increased bleeding
abdominal pain, dyspepsia
brand of famotidine
pepcid
brand of dexlansoprazole
dexilant
generic of nexium
esomeprazole
generic of prevacid
lansoprazole
brand of omeprazole
prilosec
brand of pantoprazole
protonix
list of proton pump inhibitors
dexilant, nexium, prevacid, prilosec, protonix
which GI med is an h2 receptor antagonist
famotidine
which GI drugs are PO and IV
famotidine and pantoprazole
ADRs of famotidine
diarrhea, constipation, headache, dizziness, thrombocytopenia
famotidine counseling points
reduce dose in renal impairment
onset is less than an hour
duration 10-12 hours
stomach pH increased by around 4
short-term ADRs of PPIs
GI ADRs: diarrhea, constipation
headache, dizziness
upper respiratory tract infection
long-term ADRs of PPIs
osteoporosis/bone fracture (low Ca)
vitamin B12 deficiency (CNS issues)
hypomagnesemia
generic of zofran
ondansetron
what does zofran do
reduce nausea and vomiting
ADRs of Zofran
QTc prolongation
nausea, vomiting, constipation
brand of
prochlorperazine
brand of Phenergan, promethegan
promethazine
generic of reglan
metoclopramide
list of dopamine receptor blocker
prochlorperazine, promethazine, metoclopramide
expectation of dopamine receptor blockers
reduce nausea and vomiting
ADRs of dopamine receptor blockers
QTc prolongation
movement-disorder (parkinson’s)
dizziness, blurred vision, dry mouth, drowsiness, skin reactions