cholestrol

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dr. lee exam 3

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55 Terms

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total cholesterol calculation

LDL + HDL = TG/5

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function of cholesterol

precursory of vitamin D, lipoprotein, membrane homeostasis, membrane fluidity, insulate nerve fiber, bile acid, steroid hormone precursor

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normal triglyceride level is

below 150

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can only use calculation when triglycerides are less than

400

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dyslipidemia

usually hyperlipidemia; low hdl, high ldl, high triglycerides

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why is hdl good cholesterol

bc the HDL takes out the LDL

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ezetimibe

blocks cholesterol absorption in intestines

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statins

reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver

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list the statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors)

atorvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin

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what is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor

ezetimibe

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ADRs of statins

muscle pain/toxicity; rhabdomyolysis

liver toxicity

confusion

increased risk of diabetes

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brand of atorvastin

lipitor

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brand of lovastatin

mevacor

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generic of pravachol

pravastatin

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generic of crestor

rosuvastatin

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generic of zocor

simvastatin

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the best to lower LDL

statins and PSK9 SC injection

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best to lower triglycerides

fibric acid and fatty acids

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brand of ezetimibe

zetia

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ADRs of Zetia

diarrhea

muscle pain (when combined with a statin)

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what expect when taking statins

  • reduce ldl in blood cholesterol

  • reduce cardiovascular events (stroke, myocardial infarction)

  • pleotropic effects

    1. stabilize cholesterol plague

    2. improve endothelial function

      1. anti-inflammatory effects

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what to expect when taking zetia

reduce cardiovascular events

reduce ldl

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brand of colesevelam

welchol

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what to expect when taking welchol

reduce TG (hypertriglyceridemia)

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ADRs of colesevelam

avoid in pt with TG>500, or history of pancreatitis

constipation, indigestion

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generic of lovaza

omega-3 acid ethyl esters

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expectation of omega-3

reduce TG

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ADRs of lovaza

avoid in pt with shellfish/fish allergy

burping, dyspepsia, diarrhea

increased bleeding

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list of fibric acid derivatives

fenofibrate, gemfibrozil

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brand of fenofibrate

tricor, trillipix

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generic of lopid

gemfibrozil

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what to expect when taking fibric acid derivatives

reduce TG

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ADRs in fibric acid derivatives

avoid in pt with liver disease, severe renal disease, gallbladder disease, increased bleeding

abdominal pain, dyspepsia

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brand of famotidine

pepcid

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brand of dexlansoprazole

dexilant

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generic of nexium

esomeprazole

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generic of prevacid

lansoprazole

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brand of omeprazole

prilosec

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brand of pantoprazole

protonix

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list of proton pump inhibitors

dexilant, nexium, prevacid, prilosec, protonix

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which GI med is an h2 receptor antagonist

famotidine

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which GI drugs are PO and IV

famotidine and pantoprazole

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ADRs of famotidine

diarrhea, constipation, headache, dizziness, thrombocytopenia

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famotidine counseling points

reduce dose in renal impairment

onset is less than an hour

duration 10-12 hours

stomach pH increased by around 4

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short-term ADRs of PPIs

GI ADRs: diarrhea, constipation

headache, dizziness

upper respiratory tract infection

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long-term ADRs of PPIs

osteoporosis/bone fracture (low Ca)

vitamin B12 deficiency (CNS issues)

hypomagnesemia

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generic of zofran

ondansetron

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what does zofran do

reduce nausea and vomiting

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ADRs of Zofran

QTc prolongation

nausea, vomiting, constipation

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brand of

prochlorperazine

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brand of Phenergan, promethegan

promethazine

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generic of reglan

metoclopramide

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list of dopamine receptor blocker

prochlorperazine, promethazine, metoclopramide

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expectation of dopamine receptor blockers

reduce nausea and vomiting

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ADRs of dopamine receptor blockers

QTc prolongation

movement-disorder (parkinson’s)

dizziness, blurred vision, dry mouth, drowsiness, skin reactions