religions final

yogic religions

hinduism, buddism, jainism

problem 1 buddism

existence of god is not argued by buddha is only one shown the way beyond the realm of existing

problem 2 buddism

because god does not exist, the soul of any form or identity is an illusion

3 jewls

buddha, dharma, sangha

dharma

teaching of buddha

sangha

community

4 noble truths

cause of suffering, rendering of suffering, cause of suffering can be emitted, enlightenment

enlightenment

trust teachings of buddha,

bias words

unconsious, prejudice, stereotypes

biased canon

until recently, african religions werent included in world religions textbooks

enlightenments effect on african religion

africans and african religions were systematically downgraded

rossaeu racist comment

african children are slowly and with difficulty taught how to walk

african texts

african religions did not have texts and missionaries considered their practices primitive

text in 1800 that left out african religions

max mullers sacred books of the east

euro criteria for religions

written text, monotheism, understood through a christian lens,non-primitive practices

primitive practices

animal sacrifices, offerings, specially designed clothing

abrahamic religions

hebrew, christianity, judaism, islam

who is abraham to the jews

first patriarch of jewish people, god told him he would be the father of a great nation, believes redemption, teaches monotheism

christian view of abram

father of issac, his second son

islam view of abram

ibrahim, important prophet, his first son ishmael is regarded as father of arabs

judaism

oldest monotheisticreligion

covenant

abram moves to canaan and god protects his people

hebrews

decendents of abram, later called israelites

torah

first fives books of bible, jewish holy book

mosesq

led jews out of egypt and gave them the ten commandments

3 kings of israel

saul, david, solomon

david

unified israel and made it powerful

solomon

built great temple in jerusalem

babylonian invasion

babylonians invaded and destroyed the temple, jews were sent off but came back after 50 years

diaspora

scattering of jews to different parts of the world

western wal

single remaining wall of temple, place of prayer

talmud

book containing laws and practices of jewish living

jewish places of worship

synagogues/temples

jewish spiritual leader,

rabbi

head covering for jewish men

kippah, yarmulke or skullcap, respect for god

bar/batmitzvah

celebration of turning 13

problem with diaspora

jews are an identifiable ethnic group, not religion or a race

why is judaism different?

stories are rooted in historical events not legends or sagas,

4c’s

community, creed, cults, code

3b’s

belief, behavior, belonging

ninian smart

7 dimensions

bainbridge & stark

5 dimension

durkheim & eliade

sacred v profane

jesus characterized

divinity, suffering

3 major christian branches

eastern orthodox, roman catholic, protestant

bible structure

old testament, new testament

old testament,

jewish scripturenew

new testament

jesus teachings

gospels

1st 4 books of new testament, written by 4 apostles

how did new testament come about? ( 2 views )

emic conservative, etic perspective

emic conservative

it was heard by god and written word for word, no errors completely accurate

etic perspective

written by men who had never seen jesus but had heard stories

christian beliefs

messiah, forgivness, god gives salvation, love for god

4 gospels

3 synoptic using mark a source

final canon of christianity

finalized in 300’s

3 synoptic

matthew, mark, luke

4th gospel and only gnostic

written by john, likely the latest gospel

matthews gospel

intended for jews, official roman catholic view

lukes gospel

written for greeks

marks gospel

intended for romans, oldest gospel

johns gospel

last gospel written, expresses inner meaning of jesus teachings

spread of christianity

paul spreads to everyone, roman empire adopts it, open to everyone, eternal life after death

paul

originally persecutor of christians, brought about the church/rules of church, makes up a lot of the new testament

jesus first miracles

making wine, raising lazarus, healing demons, healing lepers, feeding thousand with fish and loaves

holy week

last supper is passover meal, judas betrayel, prays in gethsemane, arrested, sentenced to death by high priest joseph, placed on cross in golgotha, dies and placed in tomb (good friday), ressurects 3 days later (easter)

church heiarchy

priests, bishops, patriarch, pope

neoliberalism

free market, limited government, deregulation and privatization, good citizens take care of their own, good christians have their own, media and tv become sources of info rather than entertainment

details of neoliberalism

primacy of family, personal responsibility, the right to pursure wealth and enjoy consumption

patriarchal headship details

control, dominance, protection of family and finances

radical recasting

focuses on lifestyle rather than religion, seek mainstream approval, seek acceptance

radical recasting details

faith rather than religion, act protestant, image of prosecution, lifestyle not religion

cultural marketplace

dominant culture and subculture meet, clash

cultural marketplace details

biblical justification of behavior, redefinining terms, use law to justify, acknowledge sub culture lives by different rules

radicalized holy sex details

submission in marriage, gender roles, abstinence

3 marys

mary mother of jesus, mary magdalene, mary of clopas

mary magdalene

important eye witness of holy week

mary clopas

jesus aunt, witnessed holy week, isnt mentioned much

black madonna

statue/paintings of black features with unknown origins, powerful symbol of national identity

contention of black madonnas

not supposed to be black, became black due to smokeand burial

black madonna goddess theory

earth goddess converted to christianity

bedouins

arab nomad grouped in tribes or clans

pillars of islam

shahada, salah (prayer), zakat (charity), siyam (fasting), hajj

emic of quran

heard from gabriel

etic of quran

some believe it existed before muhammed, some believe it was a century after

4 functions of ritual

oritens, connects to divine, connects to community, includes body as instrument for religion

3 kinds of ritual

calendar, life cycle, special occassion

calendar ritual

timedlf

life cycle ritual

birth, coming of age, marriage, death

special occasion ritual

ordination, exorcism

ritual

activites/habits founded in a belief system

conjurers

people who can manipulate unseen forces

conjures examples

healing, protection, self-defense

root working

use of natural material to make certain things happen

relationship between conjure and christianity

bible used to support supernatural, invisible world is a reality not abstract, supernatural adopted christian symbols

supernaturalism

helps african american community find power, explanation, and control

hindu texts

4 vedas, two long epics

primary concepts of hinduism

samsara (rebirth) karma, moksha (release from the cycle)

4 goals of hinduism

dhamra, artha, kama, moksha

dharma

conducting duties with compassion towards allartha

artha

earning money honestly to provide for family