CLCV 102 Unit 4

CV system consists of…?

heart and BVs

Heart Composition

cardiac muscle tissue, 4 chambers in the heart, atrium and ventricle

Blood Movement

heart contracts to push blood through BVs, blood leaves the heart when muscular left ventricle contracts, forces contents into aorta the largest artery in the body

Artery Subdivision

many major arteries branch off the aorta and continue to subdivide to smaller and smaller arteries

3 Types of BVs

1) arteries

2) veins

3) capillaries

Arteries

carry blood away from the heart

Veins

carry blood to the heart

Capillaries

oxygen and nutrients delivered here, CO2 and wastes are picked up

Heart Beating

cardiac muscle cells depolarize in rhythm in the right atrium near sinus of vena cava (SA node), impulse at the node spread across the heart and the cardiac muscle fibers contract

Systole

atria and ventricles contract, blood driven to pulmonary vessels and aorta

Diastole

heart muscle relaxes and chambers fill with blood

SA Node

pacemaker of the heart, external impulses from nervous system can influence heart rate but not needed to keep normal rhythm

Sinus Rhythm

regular heartbeat generated from the SA node at a normal rate

Arrhythmia

interruption of the regular pace of heartbeat cycle, can be brady or tachy

Angi/o

vessel

Aort/o

aorta

arteri/o

artery

arteriol/o

arteriole

ather/o

fatty substance, plaque

atri/o

atrium

cardi/o

heart

coron/o

heart

embol/o

plug

isch/o

to hold back

phleb/o

vein

sphygm/o

pulse

steth/o

chest

thromb/o

clot

valv/o

valve

valvul/o

valve

varic/o

dialated vein

vas/o

blood vessel

vascul/o

blood vessel

ven/o

vein

ventricul/o

ventricle

venul/o

venule

cutane/o

skin

esophag/o

esophagus

my/o

muscle

pulmon/o

lung

son/o

sound

Angiogram

Record of a vessel

Angioma

Vessel tumor 

Angiospasm

Involuntary muscle spasm in a vessel

Aorta Function

Carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle to body

Aortic

Pertaining to the aorta

Aortaplasty

Surgical repair of the aorta

Artery function

Carry blood away from heart and toward capillary bed, Arteries to lung carry deoxygenated blood, Arteries to body carry oxygenated blood

Arteriorrhexis

Ruptured artery

Arteriosclerosis

Hardening of an artery

Arterial

Pertaining to an artery

Arteriole

Small artery

Arteriolar

Pertaining to an arteriole/small artery

Arther/o Fatty Substance

Soft, yellow, fatty deposits, build up along inner wall of blood vessels, each deposit is called a plaque

Artherosclerosis

Hardening of plaque

Atherectomy

Surgical removal of plaque

Atrium

Upper chambers of heart, Receive blood returning to heart, Left (lung), right (body; superior vena cava and inferior vena cava)

Heart Composition

Composed of cardiac muscle tissue, myocardium, Upper chambers are atria, Lower chambers are ventricles

Pericardial

Pertaining to around the heart

Cardiodynia

heart pain

Coronary

pertaining to the heart

Embolus

mass floats through BVs, plugs up smaller BV

Embolism

Condition of having an embolus

Ischemia

Condition of blood being held back 

Veins

Carry blood toward heart, Receive blood from capillary bed, Vein from lungs carry oxygenated blood, Veins from body carry deoxygenated blood

Phlebogram

Record of a vein

Phlebography

Process of recording a vein 

Intravenous

Pertaining to within a vein

Venule

small vein

Stethoscope

Instrument to view chest

Thrombo

Refers to blood clot forming in blood vessel, may partially or completely block blood flow

Thrombotic

Pertaining to a clot

Thrombophlebitis

Inflammation of vein with clot

Thrombolysis

Destruction of a clot

Valves

Flap-like structures, Close tightly to prevent back-flow of blood, ensures that blood only flows forward

4 Valves in the heart

1) tricuspid

2) mitral

3) pulmonary

4) aortic

Valvule

small valve

Valvulitis

Inflammation of a valve

varico

most common in superficial leg veins, caused by blood pooling

Varicose

Pertaining to a varicosity

Cardiovascular

Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

Vasospasm

Involuntary muscle contraction of a blood vessel

Ventricle

larger, muscular chambers of the heart

Interventricular

Pertaining to between the ventricles

Aneurysm

Localized widening of artery due to weakness in arterial wall; may develop in any artery, but common sites are abdominal aorta and cerebral arteries

Angina Pectoris

Severe chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia

Arrhythmia

Irregular heartbeat

Auscultation

Listening to sounds within body, such as heart or lungs, by using stethoscope

Bacterial endocarditis

Inflammation of inner lining of heart (the endocardium) caused by bacteria; may result in visible accumulation of bacteria called vegetation

Bradycardia

Abnormally slow heart rate below 60 beats per minute (bpm)

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Formation of blood clots in deep veins; usually occurs in legs; pieces of clot may break away forming emboli

Electrocardiography

Diagnostic procedure that records electrical activity of heart; used to diagnose damage to heart tissue from coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction

Endarterectomy

Surgical removal of inner lining of artery in order to remove plaques

Heart valve stenosis

Cusps or flaps of heart valve are too stiff and unable to open fully, making it difficult for blood to flow through; condition may affect any of heart valves but most often affects mitral valve

Hypertension

Blood pressure above normal range; usually systolic pressure above 140 mmHg or diastolic pressure above 90 mmHg

Hypotension

Decrease in blood pressure; can occur in shock, infection, cancer, anemia, or as death approaches

Infarct

Area of tissue necrosis (death) that develops from ischemia

Myocardial Infarction

Infarct of heart muscle caused by occlusion of one or more of coronary arteries; symptoms include angina pectoris and shortness of breath; also referred to as heart attack

Myocardial Ischemia

Loss of blood supply to heart muscle tissue of myocardium due to occlusion of coronary artery; may cause angina pectoris or myocardial infarction

Occlusion

Blockage of blood vessel or other hollow structure; may be caused by thrombus, plaque, or embolus