IP Routing

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Finds a devices physical address with its logical address to forward packets

Content Addressable Memory (CAM)

Mac addresses that are mapped to a switches physical port

Default Gateway

The IP of a router that acts as an exit door for a network

Static Routing

Manually configured routes that do not change

Dynamic Routing

Router automatically configure its paths and build routing tables

Routing Table

A table of paths that routers

Distant Vector Protocol

Forwards packets with the fewest hop count

Link state

Forwards packets with the fastest bandwidth

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Version 1

Distant vector-based protocol with a max hop count of 15 and uses only classful addressing

Routing Information Protocol (RIPv2) Version 2

Max hop count of 15 and can use classless addressing, suitable for small to medium networks and a slow convergence time

Convergence

How fast it takes for routers to update their routing tables

Open Shortest Path First

A common protocol that has fast convergence and is link state

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

An enhanced distance vector protocol and uses metrics like delay, load, and reliability

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

Knowns as the protocol of the internet

Administrative Distance

Values that are set to routing protocols and lower the value the more desirable the routing protocol becomes

First Hop Redudancy Protocol (FHRP)

a family of protocols where if 1 router fails, then another takes over

Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)

Cisco’s dedicated FHRP protocol

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)

An open standard protocol for FHRP

Virtual IP (VIP)

A virtual logical address assigned to multiple routers for redundancy

Static NAT

Translates one private IP to one public IP

Dynamic NAT

A pool of public addresses for private IP addresses to use

Port Address Translation (PAT)

One public IP address that any private IP can use simultaneously