Clinical Lab Interpretation: Common Coagulation Test
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51 Terms
What is primary hemostasis targeting
Platelet and vessel
What is secondary hemostasis targeting
Coagulation factor
Where are primary hemostatic defect sites
Skin and mucosa
Where is the site of secondary hemostatic defect
Muscle, joint and deep tissue
What are the clinical signs of primary hemostatic defect
Petechia, purpura, small ecchymosis
What are the clinical signs of secondary hemostatic defect
Large ecchymosis, hematoma
Primary hemostatic defect is delayed or immediate
Immediate
Secondary hemostatic defect is delayed or immediate
Delayed
Do primary hemostatic defect have response to compression
Response
Do secondary hemostatic defect have response to compression
No response
What tests the platelet phase of hemostasis
Bleeding time
Which tests the coagulation cascade
aPTT, PT, TT, WBCT
What tests fibrinolysis
FDP, D dimer
Which test targets the extrinsic and common pathway
PT
What test targets the intrinsic and common pathway
APTT and WBCT
What test targets only the common pathway
TT
What is the normal range for PLT count
150,000-400,000
What causes pseudo thrombocytopenia
Platelet clumping or satellitism
A PLT count of >100,000/mm3 has what tendency
No bleeding tendency
A PLT count of <100,000/mm3 has what tendency
Longer bleeding time, bleeding after major trauma
A PLT count of <50,000/mm3 has what tendency
Bleeding after minor trauma
A PLT count of <10,000-20,000/mm3 has what tendency
Spontaneous bleeding
A PLT count of <5000/mm3 has what tendency
High risk for spontaneous CNS bleeding
What is normal BT time
2-7 minutes
What is borderline BT time
7-11 minutes
What is abnormal BT time
10-15 minutes
What is critical BT time
Over 15 minutes
What is the most common abnormality associated with abnormal BT time?
vW disease
What is the normal clot time during a clot retraction test
0-2hrs
PT measures which factors?
FVII, X, II, V and fibrinogen
What is added to PT
Phospholipids and tissue factor to citrated plasma
What starts PT clotting
Exogenous calcium
What is normal PT time
11-14 seconds
What is critical PT value
>60 secs
A high INR indicates what
Too much warfarin (leads to bleeding risk)
A low INR indicates what
Not enough warfarin (leads to clotting risk and stroke)
What factors does APTT target
FVIII, IX, XII, XI
What is added in APTT tube
Citrated plasma, surface activator, phospholipid, calcium
What are the surface activators added in APTT
Kaolin, silica, ellagic acid
What is the function of kaolin
Activate FXII
What is the function of silica
Contact activator for the clotting process
What is the function of ellagic acid
Adds negative charge to start clotting
What is the normal APTT time
25-35 seconds
Normal PT, increased PTT indicates what
Deficient intrinsic pathway
Increased PT, normal PTT indicates what
Deficient extrinsic pathway
Increased PT and PTT indicates what
Deficient common pathway
Normal PT and PTT indicates what
Normal extrinsic, intrinsic and common pathway
What does TT look for
Activity of fibrinogen conversion to fibrin
What is the normal TT value
14-18 seconds
What causes prolonged TT
Hypofibrinogenemia, dynsfibrinogemia, presence of heparin
What test is done to diagnose DIC
FDP and D dimer