excpt day 4

USP <795>

Nonsterile compounding

USP <797>

Sterile compounding

USP <800>

Hazardous-drug handling

Aseptic technique

Practices intended to minimize contamination of sterile preparations

Critical site

A surface/opening that can directly contact sterile product or fluid pathway and must remain sterile

Example of critical site

Syringe tip

Trituration

Grinding a powder to reduce particle size

Levigation

Mixing powder with a small amount of suitable liquid to form a smooth paste/reduce particle size

Geometric dilution

Gradually mixing small amounts of a potent ingredient with increasing amounts of diluent

BUD

Beyond-use date for a compounded preparation

BUD vs expiration date

BUD is assigned to a compounded preparation; manufacturer expiration applies to commercially manufactured product

Reconstitution

Adding specified diluent to a powder/concentrate to produce the intended final preparation

Amount of water used to reconstitute an antibiotic

Use manufacturer's specified amount/instructions

Why don't you simply add water equal to final bottle volume?

Powder occupies volume; manufacturer specifies diluent necessary for correct final concentration

LASA

Look-alike/sound-alike

Tall Man lettering

Emphasizes differing parts of similar drug names to prevent medication errors

Near miss

Medication error caught before reaching the patient

Class I recall

Reasonable probability of serious adverse consequences or death

Class II recall

Temporary/reversible consequences or remote probability of serious consequences

Class III recall

Unlikely to cause adverse health consequences

FEFO

First expire, first out

Purpose of FEFO

Use products with earlier expiration dates first when appropriate

Recalled product on shelf

Quarantine/remove according to recall procedure

Possible cold-chain excursion

Quarantine product and alert pharmacist/follow procedure

Typical refrigerator range

2–8°C

Lot number

Identifies a specific manufacturing batch

Why are lot numbers important?

Recalls and product traceability

Formulary

List of drugs covered/preferred by a health plan

Prior authorization

Insurer requires additional approval/information before covering medication

Refill-too-soon rejection

Insurance believes medication is being refilled before allowable date/expected use period

BIN

Identifies the processor/routing information used in pharmacy claims

PCN

Processor Control Number; further routes/identifies pharmacy benefit claims

Group number

Identifies patient's benefit group/plan grouping

Member ID

Identifies the individual insured member

PHI

Protected Health Information

Medication Guide

FDA-required patient information for certain medications with serious/significant risks

REMS

Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy

REMS purpose

Ensure benefits of certain drugs outweigh serious risks

Final clinical verification

Pharmacist responsibility

Technician independently changes prescribed dose?

No

Technician independently recommends therapy to patient?

No; refer clinical decisions/counseling to pharmacist

Best response when you're unsure whether a pharmacy task is within technician scope

Stop and ask the pharmacist/follow applicable law and policy