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Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
A model that describes population change over time, based on birth rates and death rates. It consists of five stages: high birth/death rates, declining death rates, declining birth rates, low birth/death rates, and possible population decline.
Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM)
A model that outlines the causes of death at each stage of the Demographic Transition Model. It shifts from infectious and parasitic diseases to chronic and degenerative diseases
Ester Boserup
A theorist who argued that population growth stimulates agricultural innovation, contradicting Malthus’s view of population outstripping resources.
J-Curve
A population growth graph that shows exponential growth (rapid increase)
S-Curve
A graph that depicts logistic population growth, starting with slow growth, increasing rapidly, and then leveling off due to carrying capacity.
Thomas Malthus
A British economist who argued in his Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) that population grows exponentially while food supply grows arithmetically, leading to potential overpopulation and famine
Natalism
A belief or policy that promotes human reproduction and population growth.
Anti-Natalism
Policies or ideologies that discourage having children, often to address overpopulation concerns.
Pro-Natalism
Policies or ideologies that encourage having children to boost population growth, often in countries with aging populations or declining birth rates.
Neo-Malthusian
A modern interpretation of Malthus’s ideas, focusing on environmental sustainability and resource depletion due to population growth.
Population Pyramid
A graphical representation of the age and sex distribution of a population.
