Function and Structure of the Eye

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to the function, structure, disorders, and professions related to the eye.

Refraction

Bending of light.

Photoreceptors

Cells that detect light.

Accommodation

Lens changing shape to focus.

Visual Acuity

Sharpness of vision.

Blind Spot

Area where optic nerve exits retina.

Macula

Central area of retina responsible for detailed vision.

Depth Perception

Ability to judge distance.

Cornea

Clear front layer of the eye that bends (refracts) light.

Sclera

White outer layer of the eye; protects and maintains shape.

Iris

Colored part of the eye that controls pupil size.

Pupil

Opening that lets light into the eye.

Lens

Structure that focuses light onto the retina.

Ciliary Muscles

Muscles that change lens shape for near or far vision.

Aqueous Humor

Fluid that nourishes the eye and maintains pressure.

Retina

Light-sensitive layer containing photoreceptors.

Rods

Photoreceptors that detect light and motion in low light.

Cones

Photoreceptors that detect color and fine detail.

Fovea

Area of the retina with the sharpest vision.

Optic Nerve

Nerve that sends visual signals to the brain.

Vitreous Humor

Gel that helps maintain eye shape.

Myopia

Nearsightedness; far objects appear blurry.

Hyperopia

Farsightedness; close objects appear blurry.

Astigmatism

Blurred or distorted vision due to irregular cornea or lens shape.

Color Blindness

Difficulty distinguishing colors, usually genetic.

Cataracts

Clouding of the lens.

Glaucoma

Increased eye pressure that can damage the optic nerve.

Ophthalmologist

Medical doctor (MD) who diagnoses eye diseases and performs surgery.

Optometrist

Profession that examines eyes and prescribes glasses/contacts.

Optician

Fits and dispenses glasses and contact lenses.