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Social Class
An ordering of all persons in society by degrees of economic resources, prestige, and privilege.
Life Chances (Weber)
The practical opportunity to achieve desired material conditions and personal experiences.
Social Capital (Bourdieu)
The access to resources one has by virtue of relationships and connections within a social network.
Class Identity
The awareness of, and sense of belonging to, a specific social class.
Four-Class Model
A sociological model used to describe the common classes in society comprising upper, middle, working, and lower classes.
Upper Class
The social class characterized by extreme high standards of living and significant economic and political influence.
Middle Class
Historically a much larger group, stabilized by education and technical skills, with secure incomes.
Working Class
A large group often lacking higher education that faces job instability and economic vulnerability.
Lower Class
Characterized by low education, unreliable jobs, and significant economic hardships.
Income Inequality
The gap between individuals with high and low income levels.
Wealth Inequality
The disparity in the amount of assets people own, including savings and property.
Poverty Line
The minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country to maintain a basic standard of living.
Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM)
A metric that accounts for additional expenses and benefits that the official poverty line does not consider.
Social Mobility
The movement, up or down, between social classes.
Class Persistence
The tendency for individuals to remain in the same social class as their parents.
Cultural Capital
Non-economic resources that enable social mobility, such as education, skills, and knowledge.
Gini Index
A measure of inequality ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality) based on income distribution.
Economic Exploitation (Conflict Perspective)
The view that class distinctions arise from the exploitation of lower classes by higher classes.
