Full Body Kines

Shoulder Girdle

scapula and clavicle

Glenohumeral (GH) Joint

articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerus

Scapula

Shoulder blade; the large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall

Clavicle

Collar bone; the only bone connecting the upper extremity to the axial spine

Sternum

Breast bone; a flat bone located in the midline of the anterior thorax

Humerus

Upper arm bone

Rib Cage

A structure made out of bones designed to protect the lungs.

Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint

Articulation between the medial aspect of the clavicle with the sternum

Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint

Articulation between the acromion process of the scapula with the lateral end of the clavicle

Scapulothoracic Joint

not a joint in the pure sense of the word; the scapula and thorax do not have a point of fixation, but the scapula does move over the rib cage of the thorax

Superior Angle of the Scapula

superior medial aspect, attachment point for levator scapula

Inferior Angle of the Scapula

most inferior point where the vertebral and axillary borders meet

Vertebral border of the Scapula

between the superior and inferior angles medially; attachment points for rhomboid and serratus anterior muscles

Axillary border of the Scapula

the lateral side between the glenoid fossa and the inferior angle

Spine of the Scapula

projection on the posterior surface of the scapula, running from medial border laterally to the acromion process; attachment site for middle and lower trapezius muscles

Base of the Spine of the Scapula

Where the spine of the scapula meets the medial border of the scapula

Coracoid Process

projection on anterior surface, attachment point for pectoralis minor muscle

Acromion Process

broad, flat area of superior lateral aspect of scapula; attachment site for upper trapezius

Glenoid Fossa

slightly concave surface that articulates with the head of the humerus on the superior lateral side of the axillary border and below the acromion process

Manubrium

the superior end; attachment site for clavicle and first rib

Xiphoid Process

the inferior tip of the sternum

Sternoclavicular Ligament

connects the clavicle to the sternum on both the anterior and posterior surfaces. The posterior ligament limits anterior movement of the medial end of the clavicle. The anterior ligament limits posterior movement of the medial end of the clavicle.

Interclavicular Ligament

located on top of the manubrium; connecting the superior sternal ends of the clavicles; limits the amount of clavicular depression

Costoclavicular Ligament

a short, flat ligament that connects the clavicle's inferior surface to the superior surface of the costal cartilage of the first rib; limits the amount of clavicular elevation

Acromioclavicular Ligament

connect the acromion process of the scapula to the lateral end of the clavicle, superiorly and inferiorly

Coracoclavicular Ligament

connects the superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula to the inferior surface of the clavicle's lateral end

Coracoacromial Ligament

attaches laterally on the superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula to the inferior surface of the acromion process of the scapula; forming a roof over the head of the humerus

Scapular Elevation

Upward (superior) motion of the scapula

Scapular Depression

Downward (inferior) motion of the scapula

Scapular Protraction

Abduction of scapula; shoulder blades move away from midline. (pictured on the left)

Scapular Retraction

Adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward midline. (pictured on the right)

Scapular Upward Rotation

-The inferior angle of the scapula rotates up and away from the vertebral column

Scapular Downward Rotation

- Returning your scapula to the resting anatomical position (from scapular upward rotation)

Scapular Tilt

occurs with glenohumeral extension, superior end of scapula tilts forward, inferior ends till posteriorly

GH Flexion and scapular __________________

upward rotation; protraction

GH Extension and scapular __________________

downward rotation; retraction

GH Hyperextension and scapular __________________

scapular tilt

GH Abduction and scapular __________________

upward rotation

GH Adduction and scapular __________________

downward rotation

GH Internal Rotation and scapular __________________

protraction

GH External Rotation and scapular __________________

retraction

GH Horizontal Abduction and scapular _________________

retraction

GH Horizontal Adduction and scapular ________________

protraction

Scapulohumeral Rhythm

The first 30 degrees is purely GH joint motion. After than, for every 2 degrees of shoulder flexion or abduction that occurs, the scapula must upwardly rotate 1 degree; 2:1 ratio

Upper Trapezius action

scapular elevation; scapular upward rotation; scapular retraction

Upper Trapezius location

originates on the occiput and nuchal ligament of the cervical vertebrae; inserts on the lateral third of the clavicle and the acromion process

Upper Trapezius innervation

Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Middle Trapezius action

scapular retraction

Middle Trapezius location

originates on the nuchal ligament & spinous processes of C7-T5; inserts on the medial aspect of the acromion process and along the scapular spine

Middle Trapezius innervation

Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Lower Trapezius action

scapular depression; scapular upward rotation; scapular retraction

Lower Trapezius location

originates on the spinous processes of T6-T12; inserts on the base of the spine of the scapula

Lower Trapezius innervation

Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Levator Scapula action

scapular elevation; scapular downward rotation

Levator Scapula location

originates on the transverse processes of C1-C4; inserts on the vertebral border of the scapula between the superior angle and the base of the spine

Levator Scapula innervation

dorsal scapular nerve (Spinal nerves C3-C5)

Rhomboids action

scapular retraction; scapular elevation; scapular downward rotation

Rhomboids location

originates on the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T5; inserts on the vertebral border of the scapula from the base of the spine to the inferior angle

Rhomboids innervation

dorsal scapular nerve

Serratus Anterior action

scapular protraction; scapular upward rotation

Serratus Anterior location

originates on the external surface of the lateral portion of the first 9 ribs; inserts on the vertebral border of the scapula near the inferior angle (on the anterior surface of the scapula)

Serratus Anterior innervation

Long thoracic nerve

Pectoralis Minor action

scapular depression; scapular downward rotation; scapular tilt

Pectoralis Minor location

originates on the anterior aspects of ribs 3-5; inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula

Pectoralis Minor innervation

medial pectoral nerve

Scapular Retractors

middle trapezius, rhomboids

Scapular Protractors

serratus anterior; pectoralis minor

Scapular Elevators

upper trapezius; levator scapula; rhomboids

Scapular Depressors

lower trapezius; pectoralis minor

Scapular Upward Rotators

upper and lower trapezius; serratus anterior

Scapular Downward Rotators

rhomboids; levator scapula, pectoralis minor

Scapular downward rotation

pectoralis minor

Cranial Nerve XI

C3, C4 = Trapezius

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

C3, C4, C5 = Levator Scapula;

C5 = Rhomboids

Long Thoracic Nerve

C5, C6, C7 = Serratus Anterior

Medial Pectoral Nerve

C8, T1 = Pectoralis Minor

Glenoid fossa

shallow depression on the lateral aspect of the scapula where the head of the humerus articulates with the scapula to make the GH joint

glenoid labrum

fibro-cartilaginous ring attached to outer rim of the glenoid cavity provides additional depth and stability

subscapular fossa

concave, anterior surface of scapula; attachment of the subscapularis muscle

infraspinous fossa

depression located inferior to the spine of the scapula; attachment for the infraspinatus muscle

supraspinous fossa

indentation superior to the spine of the scapula; attachment for supraspinatus muscle

axillary border of scapula

The lateral border, thicker border the Scapula that is located near the axilla; attachment site for teres minor and teres major muscles

acromion process

broad, flat area on the superior lateral aspect of the scapula; attachment site for the middle deltoid muscle

head of the humerus

articulates with the glenoid fossaof the scapula (proximal end of humerus)

surgical neck of the humerus

slightly constricted area just below the tubercles, where the humeral head meets the body

anatomical neck of the humerus

circumferential groove separating the head from the tubercle

shaft of the humerus

aka Body of the humerus; the area between the surgical neck proximally and the epicondyles distally

greater tubercle of the humerus

large projection lateral to the head and lesser tubercle; attachment site for supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles

lesser tubercle of the humerus

smaller projection on the anterior surface, medial to the greater tubercle; attachment site for subscapularis muscle

deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

bony protuberance on the lateral side of the humeral shaft, near the midpoint; insertion site for deltoid muscles

bicipital groove of the humerus

AKA intertubercular groove; a longitudinal groove betweent he tubercles; contains the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle

bicipital ridges of the humerus

AKA the medial and lateral lips of the bicipital groove

GH Joint

ball and socket joint; has 3 degrees of freedom; articulation between the humeral head and glenoid fossa

GH Flexion

GH extension

GH hyperextension

GH abduction

GH adduction

GH Internal (medial) rotation

GH External (lateral) rotation