phonological processes phonetics module 5

syllable structure processes

change the shape or number of syllables in a word

final consonant deletion

drops the last consonant

"dog" → "do"

initial consonant deletion

drops the initial consonant

"cat" → "at"

cluster reduction

simplifies consonant clusters

"spoon" → "poon"

weak syllable deletion

removes the unstressed syllable

"banana" → "nana"

reduplication

repeats a syllable

"water → "wawa"

substitution processes

swap sounds for easier ones

gliding

Replaces /r/ or /l/ with /w/ or /j/."red" → "wed"

stopping

Replaces a fricative or affricate with a stop. "sun" → "tun"

"zoo" → "doo"

fronting

Moves back sounds (/k/, /g/) to the front (/t/, /d/).

"car" → "tar"

backing

Moves front sounds to the back.

"top" → "kop"

deaffrication

Replaces affricates like /ch/, /j/ with a fricative or stop."chip" → "sip"

vocalization (Vowelization)

Replaces an /r/ or /l/ sound with a vowel."apple" → "appo"

assimilation processes

one sound becomes more like another word

labial assimilation

sound changes to a labial (/p/, /b/, /m/)."book" → "boop"

velar assimilation

A sound becomes a velar (/k/, /g/)."dog" → "gog"

nasal assimilation

A sound becomes nasal (/m/, /n/)."candy" → "nandy"

voicing

A voiceless sound becomes voiced."pig" → "big"

devoicing

A voiced sound becomes voiceless."dog" → "dok"

Word: "spoon"

________: "spoon" → "poon"

________: "poon" → "toon"

final result: "toon"

cluster reduction

stopping

word: "truck"

________: "truck" → "tuck"

________: "tuck" → "tuwk"

final result: "tuwk"

cluster reduction

gliding