APUSH Chapter 6

French and Indian War

Conflict between Britain and France in North America from 1754 to 1763, part of the global Seven Years' War.

Albany Congress

A meeting of representatives from seven American colonies in 1754 to discuss colonial defense against French threats.

Battle of Québec

A significant battle during the French and Indian War in 1759, where British forces defeated French forces in Québec.

Pontiac’s War

A conflict in 1763 led by Pontiac, an Ottawa chief, against British post-war policies in the Great Lakes region.

Proclamation of 1763

An order issued by the British crown prohibiting colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Republicanism

An ideology emphasizing the importance of civic virtue and active participation in public life by citizens.

Radical Whigs

A faction of British politicians who criticized corruption and sought to limit government power and expand individual liberties.

Mercantilism

An economic theory advocating for government regulation of the economy to enhance state power at the expense of rival national powers.

Sugar Act

A 1764 British law that imposed taxes on sugar and molasses imported into the colonies.

Quartering Act

A law requiring colonial assemblies to provide housing and supplies to British troops stationed in America.

Stamp Act

A 1765 act that imposed direct taxes on a wide array of printed materials in the colonies, leading to widespread protests.

Admiralty Courts

Courts established to try cases involving violations of the Stamp Act and other colonial regulations without juries.

Stamp Act Congress

A gathering of delegates from nine colonies in 1765 to organize opposition to the Stamp Act.

Nonimportation Agreements

Pacts among colonists to boycott British goods in response to taxes and restrictions imposed by British authorities.

Sons of Liberty

A group of colonial patriots who organized protests against British policies, playing a crucial role in the American Revolution.

Daughters of Liberty

Women who supported the American boycott of British goods and contributed to the war effort through various means.

Declaratory Act

A 1766 act passed by Parliament affirming its authority to legislate for the colonies in all cases whatsoever.

Townshend Acts

A series of 1767 acts imposing duties on imported goods such as glass, paper, and tea.

Boston Massacre

A deadly confrontation in 1770 between British soldiers and a colonial crowd, resulting in the death of five colonists.

Committees of Correspondence

Networks of communication among the colonies to coordinate resistance against British policies.

Boston Tea Party

A 1773 protest by the Sons of Liberty where colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor to oppose the Tea Act.

Intolerable Acts

A series of punitive measures enacted by British Parliament in 1774, in response to the Boston Tea Party.

Québec Act

A 1774 act that extended the boundaries of Quebec and granted religious freedom to Catholics, inflaming colonial resentment.

First Continental Congress

A meeting of delegates from twelve colonies in 1774 to organize colonial resistance to British rule.

The Association

A system created by the First Continental Congress aimed at enforcing a boycott of British goods.

Battles of Lexington & Concord

The first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War, fought on April 19, 1775.

Valley Forge

The military camp where the Continental Army spent the winter of 1777-1778, facing severe hardships.

William Pitt

A British leader during the French and Indian War who increased military spending and led Britain to victory.

Pontiac

Ottawa chief who led a rebellion against British rule in the Great Lakes region after the French and Indian War.

George Grenville

British Prime Minister whose policies, including the Stamp Act, sparked colonial protests and unrest.

Charles Townshend

British Chancellor who introduced the Townshend Acts, imposing duties on imported goods.

Crispus Attucks

An African American man killed during the Boston Massacre, often considered the first casualty of the American Revolution.

George III

King of Great Britain during the American Revolution, known for imposing taxes and maintaining British authority over the colonies.

Lord North

Prime Minister of Britain during much of the American Revolutionary War, known for his opposition to American independence.

Samuel Adams

A key organizer of resistance against British policies, co-founding the Sons of Liberty and helping to foment the Revolution.

Marquis de Lafayette

French nobleman who played a crucial role in the American Revolutionary War, serving as a general in the Continental Army.

Baron von Steuben

Prussian military officer who trained American troops at Valley Forge, greatly improving their discipline and effectiveness.