Tectonic Plates Review for Quiz on 4/17/25
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45 Terms
Divergent boundaries
Where tectonic plates pull apart.
Transform boundaries
Where tectonic plates slide past each other.
Convergent boundaries
Where tectonic plates are pushed together.
Core
The very hot, radioactive formation energy of Earth.
Mantle
The layer of molten rock that rises due to convection currents and pushes Earth’s crust.
Richter scale
A scale that measures the magnitude of earthquakes.
Seismographs
Instruments used to detect and record earthquakes.
San Andreas Fault
A major transform fault in California.
Epicenter
The point on the Earth's surface directly above the hypocenter of an earthquake.
Hypocenter
The point within the Earth where an earthquake originates.
Magma chamber
A large underground pool of molten rock.
Lahars
Volcanic mudflows that can occur during eruptions.
Earthquakes
Shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates.
Pumice
A type of volcanic rock that is light and porous.
Gas Measurements
Data collected to analyze gases emitted from volcanoes.
GPS coordinates/Visual bulges
Methods used to measure ground deformation.
Convergent Boundary
plates collide
Subduction Zone
tectonic plate is forced below another
Mountain range
A series of mountains connected by high ground.
Island chain
A series of islands that are geologically connected.
Ocean trench
A deep, underwater trench formed by subduction.
Magma
Molten rock beneath Earth's surface
Intrusive Igneous Rocks
Rocks formed from magma that cools and solidifies beneath the Earth’s surface.
Extrusive Igneous Rocks
formed from lava, then cooled quickly on surface
Hot Spot
area where magma deep in mantle melts through crust
Shield Volcano
low, broad profiles formed from fluid lava
broad, sloped structure formed by accumulation of low-viscosity (thin) lava flows
Strato volcano
A steep, conical volcano built up by many layers of hardened lava and tephra.
Pyroclastic flows
Fast-moving currents of hot gas and volcanic matter.
Tephra
Fragments of volcanic rock and ash expelled during an eruption.
Volcanic ash
Tiny, glassy fragments created during volcanic explosion
Mid-Ocean ridges
Underwater mountain ranges formed by plates
Ocean mapping
surveying and charting underwater areas
Mercator projection
A cylindrical map projection used for navigation.
Ocean crust age map
A map that shows the age of different sections of the oceanic crust.
Paleomagnetic data
Data used to study historical changes in Earth's magnetic field.
East Africa rift
tectonic plate boundary that splits African continent
Island arc
curved chain of volcanic islands formed by subduction.
Collision of continental plates
2 continental plates collide = mountain formation
Collision of oceanic plates
2 oceanic plates collide = subduction
Bathymetry map
shows depth, shape of underwater terrain
Folded mountains
Mountains formed by folding of Earth's crust
Faulted mountains
Mountains formed by faulting, displacement of Earth’s crust
Cascade mountain range
Located in the Pacific Northwest: formed by volcanic activity
Mount Rainier
active stratovolcano in Washington
Mount St. Helens
stratovolcano in Washington - erupted in 1980