Ch. 6 Digestive

Bilirubin

orange-yellow liquid formed during RBC destruction taken up by liver cells and excreted in feces

Exocrine

gland that excretes to the surface of an organ or tissue from ducts (ex: saliva/digestive enzymes)

Endocrine

gland that excretes directly into blood stream

Triglycerides

most common form of fat found in the bloodstream

Oral cavity

first part of digestive tract where mechanical process of chewing and chemical break down of food by salivary secretions initiates digestive process

3 parts of small intestine/function

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum digest & absorb nutrients

Large intestine

absorb water, eliminate waste, maintain gut flora

4 sections of colon

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

Pancreas shape/location/function

elongated, flattened posterior and slightly inferior to stomach that produces digestive enzymes

Gallbladder location/function

inferior surface of the liver and stores bile

Sial/o

salivary glands

Gloss/o, lingu/o

tongue

Ile/o

ileum

Cholecyst/o

gallbladder

An/o, proct/o

anus, rectum

Or/o, stomat/o

mouth

Chol/e

bile, gall

Choledoch/o

bile duct

Dia/rrhea

discharge or flow through

Melena

black tar like feces from blood in digestive tract

Feca/lith

mass of hard fecal matter

Sial/o/lith

stone in salivary gland

Diverticul/a

small pouches in lining of organs like large intestine

An/orexia

without an appetite

Dys/phagia

swallowing, eating (that is) painful or difficult

Hemat/emesis

vomiting blood

Pancreat/oma

tumor of the pancreas

Hepat/o/megaly

enlargement of the liver

Stomat/itis

canker sores

Gingiv/itis

inflammation of the gums

Appendic/itis

inflammation of appendix RLQ, cramping tenderness , rigid abdomen

Diverticul/itis

acute inflammation of diverticulae LLQ. Rupture can lead to periton/itis

Enter/o/pathy

disease of the intestine (usually the small intestine)

Ob/stipa/tion

extreme constipation

Chole/lith/iasis

formation or presence of gallstones, URQ pain radiates shoulder and back

Ascites

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

Borborygmus

rumbling gurgling of digestive tract

Cachexia

loss of weight and muscle mass / wasting syndrome

Dysentery

diarrhea containing blood and mucus resulting from inflammation of GI tract/colon

Volvulus

twisting of bowel on itself, causing obstruction

Pylorospasm

spasm in sphincter between stomach and small intestine causing indigestion/delayed gastric emptying

Intussusception

telescoping portion of the intestine into another causing blockage

Pyloric stenosis

narrowing of pyloric sphincter causing obstruction to small intestine

IBD

structural disease caused by chronic inflammation/damage to bowel

IBS

gut looks normal but does not function properly

SBO

small bowel obstruction

Post/prandial

after a meal

Sub/lingu/al

pertaining to under the tongue

Gastr/o/scope

instrument for examining the stomach

Proct/o/sigmoid/o/scope

instrument for examining the rectum and sigmoid colon

Antiemetics

control nausea and vomiting

Histamine 2

Inhibits secretion of stomach acid from the gastric cells by blocking the H2 receptor. Treats acid reflux/ulcers

Proton pump inhibitors

inhibits the acid producing pump in gastric cells

NSAID

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Endo/scopy

visual examination within or in (an organ)

EGD

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Gloss/ectomy

removal of tongue

Chole/cyst/ectomy

removal/excision of gallbladder

ESWL

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

Ana/stom/osis

surgical joining between two vessels, ducts, bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other

Col/ostomy

surgical procedure/creation of new opening where fecal flow is diverted to a colostomy bag

Polypectomy

excision of small benign growths that project from the mucous membrane surface

VBG

Vertical Banded Gastroplasty staples upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce size and then places a band to restrict food consumption.

VSG

Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy most performed bariatric surgery

RYGB

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Barium enema

x-ray of the rectum and colon using barium sulfate into the rectum

Barium swallow

x-ray of esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium sulfate

US

HF sound waves directed at soft tissue to produce an image on a monitor of internal body structures

CT

computed tomography rotates x-ray around area to create slices. Aids in visualizing gall bladder, bowel, liver, bile ducts, tumors, cysts, inflammation, abscesses, perforation, bleeding and obstruction.

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging. Shows detailed soft tissue contrast

MRCP

a special MRI producing detailed images of the hepatobiliary and pancreatic systems.

OCG

oral cholecystography evaluates gallbladder function and ID presence of disease or gall stones. Usually involves contrast tablet.

GBS

gallbladder series

Cholangi/o/graphy or chol/angi/o/graphy

process of x-ray bile vessels

Stool quaiac

lab test that detects presence of occult (hidden) blood in feces

Stool culture

lab test ID microorganisms or parasites present in feces causing GI infection

LFT

Liver function test to ID injury, function, conditions in biliary tract

PE

physical exam, pulmonary embolism, pressure equalizing tube

R/O

rule out