EQULLIBRIUM

What do you understand by chemical reaction

Chemical reaction is a process in which one type of chemical gets converted another type of chemical species

This conversion takes plac3 due to collison of reactdnts only then the energy exchange will occur among reactants and old bond breaks and new bond will form

What will happen to the concentration of reactants and products with time ?

Concentration of reactants decreases and vice versa for products

We know that Rate of reaction represents speed of reaction with which reactants are getting converted into products by this statement or say as fact try to explain law of mass action

Gulberg and waage

At any insnt the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the product of molarity concentration of reactants ( raised to the power of stoichiometryric coefficients) condition applied that the concentration should be of exact time when the rate of reaction has been calculated

The K in the formula is a constant for a particular reaction and it never changes unless temp get change

1. Remember the two types of reaction we studied

Irreversible reaction

1. Go in one dirn

2. Reactants 100 percent exhausted

3. 100 percent complete

4. General examples combustion and neutralisation

5. Minimum reaction are irreversible

Reversible reaction

1. Go in both dirn

2. Don't get 100 percent exhausted

3. Never 100 percent completion

4. Mist reaction are reversible reaction

Chemical equilibrium is established in which type of reaction

Reversible reaction

How you can explain chemical equilibrium

As we know the chemical equilibrium concept is applicable to reversible reaction this means there will two rate if reactions one will be forward and the other will be backward

So at initial point of time concentration of product will decrease and products concentration will increase but as we know the reaction is reversible this implies that the products will also react and get convert back into reactants

Then a state will arrive where the forward and backward rate of reaction wil become equal hence the both reactants and products concentration will become constant

This state is known as chemical equilibrium

Identify the point where the equilibrium is achieved in the reaction

At point 3 as the concentration of both reactants and products become constant

Note equilibrium does not mean that the reactants and products concentration should be equal but it means that the concentration of both the reactants and products should be constant at individual level

Is it true that net reaction can occur only if a system is in equilibrium? If yes then why ?

What's the ultimate goal of a reversible reaction

Yes it is true as the reaction that occur in equilibrium seems to not be changing its concentration neither at reactants side nor at product side but if the system is not in equilibrium then we can get the net reaction ( dynamic)

It's to reach the state of equilibrium

Equilibrium constant this term what do you get about it

Equilibrium constant kisi bhi reversible reaction pe equilibrium pe define mathematical factor

Enthalpy of atomisation mse kya smjh aaya

1 mole of Substance ko heat supply krke usee atoms me convert Krna hai

Jaruri nhi hai ki same elements ke he atoms ho woh alg bhi ho skte hai bus yeh dhyaan rkhna hai ki woh neutral gaseous atoms as a product de rhe ho

The points you forget at very first time of solving questions related to past topicss

Stochiometruc constant as power

Keq is equal to kf by kb

Did you forget that the molarity equals to mpno. Of moles per litre of solution thus if the volume is 1litre then the no. Of moles taken will only be the concentration

Solve it

27 mol²L–²

Solve it

Answer is 4

Characteristics of equilibrium constant (keq)

It never changes except temperature

Forward rkn keq of of a reaction is reciprocal to the keq of its backward reaction

On multiplying a rkn with any number it's keq becomes to the power of the the no. It was multiplied by

On adding two reaction the resultant reaction keq we get is actually the product of the keq of both the the reaction it was summed of

On subtracting two reaction the resultant reaction keq we get is actually the quotient that we get in dividing the keq of both the reactions it was differenced of

Mistakes you have make onon the first encounter of questions

You have not even rpthink that the characteristics of keq can be combined and then ask

Explain active mass

What if we have taken dilute solution

Explain it for gases solids and pure liquids

Active mass is that part of concentration that hat takes part effectively in collision

No units

Not equal to molar concñ

If we have taken dilute solution then we will consider the whole concentration to participate in collision

Hence we take molar concñ equal to active masses

(Gases behave like dilute solution )

As we know from solution chapter that no. Gases particle is directly proportional to partial pressure of that gases

Active mass≈ partial pressure of gas

Take active mass in equilibrium constant expression as 1 for solid and pure liquids { rate does not depends upon active mass of solids and pure liquids because molar density of solids and liquids does not depends on time <}›

Show us how keq can be define in two ways for gases and how they both are r3latedto each other

And after that tell what does delta n represent

Delta n is change in no. Of moles of gases

Define the relation between Kp and Kc

Kp = Kc ( RT) ^∆n

Solve it

Remember ∆n is difference of moes of gases (no. Of moles in product -no. Of moles in reactants )

Mistakes you make

Don't rush on and don't just rush to add no. Of moles in product side and reactants to find delta n first clearly see whether the moles you re counting in is of gases or not

Solve it

Remember pressure of gas is directly proportional to no. of moles of gase

Solve it

Thing you should keep in your mind

Kisi bhi reactants ke mole toot kar uske products me balanced equation ke hisaab se toote hai so this can be said in terms that no. Of moles of reactants dissociated divide in products as per the balanced equation

Things you should keep in your mind

Balanced the equations in your own don't put the given moles as stoichiometric coefficients

Just solve it 💅🏻🫰

Just solve it 💅🏻🫰

We can take any molar concn if it is not mentioned in the question

REACTION QUOTIENT/ CONCENTRATION QUOTIENT

1 max stability by any reaction is achieved at its equilibrium

2 so the reversible rkn tends to achieve equilibrium

3 how we do know that a particular rkn have attained equilibrium either by forward rkn or backward rkn

4 solution to this problem is REACTION QUOTIENT (Qc) a mathematical factor

5 this quotient is actually expressed as same as constant equilibrium (Kc) just the difference is that it the concentration in it can be taken of any tim3 not necessary to be taken that of equilibrium v

6 so to know the query mentioned in pint 3 all you need is to just find the Qc first at whatever concn that will be given in the question and then compare it to Kc if the Qc is greater than Kc the equilibrium is being achieved by backward reaction

This can be reasoned through the expression of Qc go and do find i5 on your own

Just solve it 💅🏻🫰

To know where to dissociated the moles (either from reactants side or moles or product side ) we need to find Qc and then get that and then do it accordingly

Just solve it 💅🏻🫰

Just solve it 💅🏻🫰

Just solve it 💅🏻🫰

Just solve it 💅🏻🫰

Just solve it 💅🏻🫰