Chapter 11 - Valence Bond Theory and Orbital Hybridization

valence bond theory

covalent bonds are the result of 2 half filled orbitals overlapping

orbital overlap

when part of 2 orbitals share the same space

sigma bonds

covalent bond results from orbital overlap between atomic nuclei (s/s, s/p, head on p/p), all single bonds are sigma

pi bonds

covalent bonds where overlapping occurs on the sides of the internuclear axis (side p/p overlap, 2nd or 2nd and 3rd bonds)

double bond overlap

has 1 sigma bond and 1 pi bond

triple bond overlap

has 1 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds

hybrid orbitals

occur when orbitals overlap in bonds, have different shapes, # of hybrid orbitals is = to # of atomic orbitals combined