Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Exam 1

Which model of health is most likely used by a person who does not believe in preventive

health care?

clinical model

A person with chronic back pain is cared for by her primary care provider, as well as receives acupuncture. Which model of health does this person likely favor?

Eudaimonistic model

Halbert Dunn (1961) introduced the concept of high level wellness, a health-illness continuum which factored in the individual's environment when determining a level of health. Which of the following statements is correct concerning his model?

The focus is on environment and the ability to achieve health on a personal and

societal level

A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person's potential and is experienced within a developmental context is known as

health

Which of the following best describes a care recipient who has an illness?

Someone with a headache

Which US report is considered a landmark document in creating a global approach to health?

Healthy People 2000

Which of the following is one of the four overreaching goals for Healthy People 2020 (US Department of Health and Human Services)?

Achieve health equality and eliminate disparity for all groups

Which of the following statements accurately reflect primordial prevention?

It is a health-promotion strategy which reflects policy-level interventions.

Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?

Informational session about healthy lifestyles

Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention?

Yearly mammograms

Which of the following represents a method of tertiary prevention?

Physical and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident with head trauma

In reviewing a person's medical claims, a nurse realizes that the individual with moderate persistent asthma has had several emergency department visits and is not on inhaled steroids as recommended by the NHLBI asthma management guidelines. The nurse discusses this with the person's primary care provider. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n)

care manager

During a home visit, a nurse assists an individual to complete an application for disability services. The nurse is acting as a(n)

advocate.

During a home visit, a nurse discusses the dangers of smoking with an individual. In this scenario the nurse is acting as a(n)

educator.

A nurse is asked to provide an expert opinion about the development of an education program for newly diagnosed diabetics. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n)

consultant.

A nurse is planning to deliver an educational program to individuals with diabetes. Which of the following should be the initial action taken by the nurse to ensure the success of the program?

Establish teacher-learner goals with the individuals

The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individuals is known as

evidence-based practice.

Which research methodology should be used to address the question, "What is the difference in the infection rates between individuals who receive twice-a-day dressing changes versus once-a-day dressing changes?"

Quantitative research

The question, "What is the experience of teenagers who lose a sibling to cancer?" can best be answered by using which research methodology?

Qualitative research

A nurse who uses findings from a randomized, controlled trial on the care of Foley catheters to change practice at an institution is practicing

evidence-based medicine.

Which of the following is most influenced by the social and economic environment of a community?

Social health policies

A major cause of death in the early twentieth century was

infections.

Which of the following groups of people are likely to show an increase in numbers between the years 2010 to 2030?

Persons age 65 and older

Which of the following demonstrates a nurse taking action to promote health and prevent disease?

Educating a person about the advantages of a heart-healthy diet during a home visit

Which factor may have the most influence in changing the health behavior of a single, adult woman who smokes and is the care provider for her mother, her own children, and granddaughter?

A gift card for $10 to a local grocery store for every week she is smoke free

Which of the following "investment" themes has been identified by the National Institute of Nursing Research?

Improving quality of life

End-of-life care

Which interventions address both the National Institute of Nursing Research themes and the overall goals of the Healthy People 2020 leading health indicators?

Establishing a new park with a well-lit track

Establishing a smoking cessation campaign

Providing free condoms at all federally funded health clinics

Which of the following statements about ethnic minorities in the United States is accurate?

It is estimated that ethnic minorities will increase to one in two by 2050.

A person states, "My grandmother is the decision maker in our family." Which of the following is being described by the person?

Culture

The nurse recommended to a 50-year-old woman that she schedule a routine mammogram. Which of the following would be the most important factor in this woman's decision to schedule this exam?

Cultural values

Which of the following actions demonstrates a health care professional providing culturally competent care?

Asking the person to describe his folk healing methods

Which of the following nurses is most likely to provide culturally competent care?

A nurse who is knowledgeable in disease-specific epidemiology and treatment efficacy for different population groups.

A person reports that she has been seeking care from an acupuncturist to help relieve the chronic pain that she has been experiencing. Which of the following statements would be the most appropriate response from the nurse?

Tell me more about your treatments from the acupuncturist.

When providing an educational session about the Arab American population, which of the following information would be included?

Members of the Arab American population are more likely to have college degrees than Americans at large.

A health care professional is caring for an Arab American individual. Which of the following cultural practices of this ethnic minority should be considered when planning care?

Religion plays an important role in this culture.

A health care professional is providing education to the parents of an Asian American child who has recently been diagnosed with Type I diabetes. Which of the following actions should be taken by the health care professional?

Provide instructions to the child's father.

An Asian American family has recently immigrated to the United States. Which of the following would provide an appropriate rationale when encouraging the family to send their child to school?

Exposure to different cultures in school will enhance socialization.

Which of the following was the fastest-growing minority group in the United States between 2000 and 2010?

Asian American and Pacific Islanders

The interrelationship of poverty and health care dollars spent by Blacks and other minorities is affected greatly by

lack of access to preventive health care services.

A health care provider is working with an African American woman who has recently suffered a stroke and is homebound. She insists that she must get out of the house and attend Sunday worship services. What is the most likely explanation for her insisting that she participate in this cultural practice?

The church serves as a social support for its members.

Which of the following ethnic groups has a disproportionately high death rate from unintentional injuries and suicide?

American Indian/Alaska Native Americans

A health care professional is offering an educational session about providing culturally congruent care. Which of the following information would be included the presentation?

Native Americans are present oriented, taking one day at a time.

A family has recently become homeless. Which of the following factors most likely contributed to this situation?

Being unable to find affordable housing

A health care professional is caring for an individual who is homeless. Which of the following considerations should be made?

The percentage of the population who has health insurance is much lower among the homeless than the general population.

A health care professional is caring for an individual who is homeless and has recently been diagnosed with Type II diabetes. Which of the following factors is the most important to consider when planning care?

Finding supportive housing for the individual

A health care professional is leading a community action coalition to address the problem of homelessness within the neighborhood. Which of the following statements would most likely be made by health care professional?

Homelessness should be of concern to everyone in the neighborhood.

What is the main focus of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)?

Addressing and reducing health disparities

A health care professional is searching for a funding source to develop a colorectal cancer screening program for ethnic and racial minorities in the community. Which of the following federal agencies would most likely be able to assist with this initiative?

The Office of Minority Health

Which of the following best demonstrates the practice of transcultural nursing?

Adapting nursing care to meet the need of a person from an ethnic minority

A nurse is told by a colleague that an Asian American individual on home care is using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Which of the following conclusions can accurately be drawn from this statement?

The care recipient may be using meditation, acupuncture, or another therapy.

A woman reports that she has strong spiritual practices. Which of the following is she most likely to experience?

Improved coping skills and social support

Which of the following individuals will most likely experience a disparity in health and health care?

African American man

Unemployed woman

Single white woman

A health care professional is providing culturally competent care. Which of the following actions is being performed by the professional?

Respecting the patient's values, beliefs, and expectations

Providing health care services that are respectful of the individual's cultural beliefs

A health care provider is discussing the importance of receiving routine preventive care with a Hispanic family who has recently immigrated to the United States. Which of the following would best describe why they may be disinterested in receiving professional care?

Lack of interpreter services

Lack of health insurance

A nurse is developing a continuing education program about strategies to work with culturally diverse populations for health care professionals in the community. Which of the following organizations would provide information that could be included in this presentation?

The American Nurses Association

The National League for Nursing

The American Association of Colleges of Nursing

Which of the following statements about values is true?

Values evolve over time; they are not static.

A nurse is providing education about improving self-awareness to a small group of women who have been victims of domestic violence. Which of the following should the nurse recommend the care recipients do first to improve their self-awareness?

Listen to oneself and pay attention to emotions, thoughts, and reactions.

The nurse shares with her care recipient the news that she, the nurse, is going to be married soon and tells the care recipient about her wedding plans. Which of the following best describes the nurse's actions?

The nurse is exhibiting a communication technique called self-disclosure.

A nurse has started admitting a new person on home care and is beginning to establish a relationship. Which of the following would be the most important thing for the nurse to do?

Establish open communication.

Which of the following best describes person-centered communication?

The care recipient says to the nurse, "I think my husband is cheating on me." The nurse responds by saying, "You think your husband is cheating on you?"

Which of the following statements is correct concerning Telehealth?

It can encompass both spoken and written word.

Which of the following scenarios described is correct concerning feedback?

It is a monitoring system, which controls and accommodates responses to behavior.

A nurse is counseling someone who has recently been diagnosed with diabetes. The nurse says, "Tell me more about how this diagnosis has affected your daily activities." Which of the following best describes the type of communication the nurse is using?

Verbal communication

Which of the following statements about nonverbal communication is true?

Nonverbal behavior is culturally and situationally bound.

Which of the following scenarios best describes a nurse using metacommunication?

Understanding that an individual needs a break before proceeding

Which of the following statements can be identified as a method for clarifying a message?

"I get very upset when you talk to me in that tone."

A nurse and a man are involved in a conversation. When the person folds his arms across his chest, the nurse almost simultaneously folds her arms across her chest. This behavior is recognized as

reciprocity.

A nurse and her care recipient are engaged in meaningful conversation when suddenly there is silence between the two. To facilitate effective care recipient-centered communication, the nurse should

wait quietly to give the person time to reflect where he wants to lead the conversation.

A person has just been admitted to the hospital. In talking with the person, the nurse is able to elicit from her that the reason for her hospitalization is that her husband beat her up. Which characteristic of the therapeutic relationship is being demonstrated?

Purposeful communication

An individual reveals to the nurse that he is having an affair with his wife's best friend. Which of the following statements will enhance effective therapeutic communication between him and the nurse?

"This affair seems to be troubling you."

A nurse is working with a person to increase his daily exercise and activity. Which of the following statements by the nurse best demonstrates the use of reflection?

"You said that you have difficulty making time in your day for exercise."

A woman tells the nurse that she is very nervous about their meeting today. Which of the following relationship stages are the nurse and woman most likely experiencing?

Orientation phase

Which of the following would be an example of countertransference occurring in the context of a professional relationship?

The nurse reacts to the patient in a manner reminiscent of interaction with her father.

Which of the following is the first step in the valuing process?

Choosing freely

The nurse makes sure that the distance between himself and the care recipient is at least 6 feet before he begins to ask questions related to the care recipient's health history. Which of the following statements is true?

This distance is too far for the nurse to build a therapeutic relationship while obtaining the information.

A nurse is working on values clarification with a person who has chosen to smoke during her pregnancy. Which of the following statements would be the most appropriate for the nurse to

assist in this process?

"What do you value most in life?"

"Is your decision to smoke consistent with your values?"

A nurse is in the process of establishing a therapeutic relationship with a person. Which of the following techniques should be used by the nurse?

Show interest in the person's concerns.

Define the parameters of the relationship with the person.

Which of the following is an essential question that nurses should encourage individuals to ask at every health visit?

"What is my main problem?"

"What do I need to do?"

Which of the following statements is true with regard to health promotion?

Health promotion involves collaboration of many professional groups.

Which of the following types of ethical theories tells us how people act toward each other and their environments and what they believe are good or moral actions?

Descriptive value theories

A nurse includes the statement, "Treat others the way you would like to be treated." when teaching a group of adolescents about bullying. Which type of ethical theory is being used in this example?

Normative theory

A nurse believes that it is his responsibility to ensure the safety of the public by administering flu shots to everyone in the community. Which ethical theory is being used by the nurse?

Consequentialism theory

Which ethical theory is rooted in character-based ethics?

Virtue-based ethics

Which philosophic approach evaluates ethical perspectives in terms of their congruence and usefulness in human decision-making, across multiple environments?

Metaethics

What is a potential problem which can arise when applying utilitarian theories of ethics to a particular problem or ethical issue?

Utilitarian theories tend to compromise the individual in favor of the society.

Which of the following represents a comprehensive view of all of the genes within a given individual?

Genomics

A primary care nurse practitioner has advised a care recipient that she is positive for BrCA2, the gene associated with breast cancer in women. The care recipient has two small children. What would be the most appropriate next step for the nurse practitioner to take with respect to this care recipient?

Explore the care recipient's values, believes, and relationships.

Which of the following theorists has been associated with the ethics of care?

Carole Gilligan

Which of the following represents a limitation to the Ethic of Care model?

There are no criteria for right or wrong actions.

A nurse uses ethical reasoning to solve an ethical dilemma. Why would the nurse use this process?

Facilitates gathering of the most important information to solve the problem

Which of the following statements is correct concerning a Code of Ethics for professionals?

They prescribe how members of a profession are expected to act.

Which of the following statements concerning care recipient advocacy is correct?

Nurses are responsible to speak up on behalf of compromised or vulnerable individuals.

Which of the following scenarios describes a nurse facing an ethical dilemma?

A nurse who must choose between two undesirable options.

Under what circumstances would a nurse likely experience moral distress?

The nurse feels powerless to take the correct action.

Which concept is aimed at interrupting potential ethical problems before they develop?

Preventive ethics

When providing preoperative teaching for a care recipient who will be undergoing total knee arthroplasty, the nurse asks the care recipient questions to assess his understanding of the surgery. Which type of ethics is the nurse implementing?

Preventive ethics

There is sometimes a conflict between health promotion and autonomy within a society. Which of the following concepts may be jeopardized in the course of public safety?

Civil liberties within a society

A 24-year-old man with severe cognitive impairment, and no relatives participating in his care, needs to make a decision about removal of a brain tumor that will render him totally dependent for completion of all activities of daily living. The nurse participates in ethical decision-making on his behalf, knowing that the care recipient is unable to benefit from which of the following ethical concepts?

Autonomy

A care recipient is scheduled to have open-heart surgery. His physical condition is such that he is at high risk to experience complications during the procedure, but he has not been advised of this possibility. Which of the following ethical concepts has been ignored in rendering care for this care recipient?

Informed consent

An 18-year-old woman in whom a sexually transmitted disease (STD) was recently diagnosed asks the nurse not to tell her mother that she has an STD. Her mother asks the nurse what is causing her daughter's vaginal discharge. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Respect the principle of confidentiality and support the care recipient's request not to tell her mother the diagnosis.