The War of Independence, 1919-21 Ireland

How did the British government react to the actions of Sinn Fein?

They declared them illegal in August 1919 and the Dial illegal in September 1919

What was the military wing of Sinn Fein, the Irish Volunteers, renamed as?

Irish Republican Army, IRA

Who lead the IRA?

Michael Collins

What were the tactics of the IRA in 1919?

murder and harassment directed at police, British soldiers and civilians believed to be collaborating with the English.

What was the ‘Black and tans’?

The special irregular force DLG sanctioned to deal with the IRA terror tactics.

What was the situation between the IRA and the ‘black and tans’?

A system of terror and counter terror

What is the possible number of deaths between jan 1919 and july 1920?

Nearly 1000

When was Bloody Sunday?

21 November 1920

What did the IRA do on Bloody Sunday?

They dragged 11 English civilians who they believed to be working for British intelligence out of their homes and shot them on the street.

How did the Black and Tans respond to the IRA on Bloody Sunday?

That afternoon, they fired indiscriminately on the Gaelic football players and crowd. 12 people were killed and 60 wounded.

What did the Black and tans do in December 1920?

Burned down much of the city of Cork.

What was the international feeling?

There was condemnation for British actions from the League of Nations, USA and dominions, and to change policy.

What was the press’s attitude?

Critical of the Black and Tans

When was a true agreed?

11 July 1921