Community and Public Health Nutrition - NDLE 2021 Exam

What's the first step in developing a program plan?

A. Know and identify the problem

B. Mobilize the community

C. Set the objectives

D. Develop the strategies

A. Know and identify the problem

The law that mandates the fortification of salt with iodine is RA

A. 8172

B. 10879

C. 11037

D. 11097

A. 8172

Republic Act No. 8172 or "An Act for Salt lodization Nationwide" (ASIN Law) became a law in 1995. The law seeks to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders by mandating all salt producers and manufacturers to iodize their product.

What is the field of the study describing the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems?

A. Cross-sectional

B. Case control

C. Epidemiology

D. Cohort

C. Epidemiology

Cross-sectional: Data collection from diff individuals at a single point in time. You observe variables without intervening.

Case control: Data collection from 2 groups w/ and w/o the outcome, to see the effect of the exposure

Cohort: Data collection over a long period of time to see if an expected outcome appears

What is the hormone that inhibits milk production?

A. Let-down reflex

B. Prolactin

C. Estrogen

D. Oxytocin

C. Estrogen

All the other choices stimulate milk production except C.

During pregnancy the combination of estrogen and progesterone circulating in the blood appears to inhibit milk secretion by blocking the release of prolactin from the pituitary gland and by making the mammary gland cells unresponsive to this pituitary hormone.

What is the main category of research in which subjects are looked over or are being watched?

A. Observational

B. Intervention

C. Cross-sectional

D. Experimental

A. Observational

Observational study - general

Cross-sectional - type of observational study

Experimental & intervention - same thing

What is the cut-off in cm in diagnosing a child with moderate acute malnutrition

A. 15

B. 13

C. <11

D. 11 to 11.9

D. 11 to 11.9

*assuming that the question is talking abt MUAC. no exact answer pero D na nearest

In children aged 6-59 months, moderate acute malnutrition is defined as moderate wasting (i.e. weight-for-height between -3 and -2 Z-scores of the WHO Child Growth Standards median) and/or mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) greater or equal to 11cm and less than 12.5 cm.

What is used in implementing rules and regulations of PA 10862 which refers to the one and only integrated accredited professional organization?

A. Accredited Integrated Professional Organization

B. Allied Medical Sciences

C. NDAP

D. Comprehensive Nutrition and Dietetics

A. Accredited Integrated Professional Organization

AIPO refers to the one and only accredited integrated professional organization of nutritionist-dietitians recognized by the Professional Regulatory Board of Nutrition and Dietetics, subject to the approval of the Professional Regulation Commission.

What is the method of nutritional assessment that focuses on the estimation of nutritional status on the basis of recording a medical history and conducting a physical examination to detect signs and symptoms?

A. Biochemical assessment

B. Clinical assessment

C. Anthropometry

D. Dietary

B. Clinical assessment

A nutrition diagnostic therapy and counseling service for the purpose of disease management is

A. counseling

B. medical nutrition therapy

C. therapeutic management

D. diet modification

B. medical nutrition therapy

What are the rich food sources of iron for the toddler?

A. Fruits

B. Cereals

C. Vegetables

D. Meat and poultry

D. Meat and poultry

Meat and poultry are the best sources of iron for toddlers since they're old enough to consume meats. Cereals also have a significant amount of iron but probably won't be sufficient to provide them with their required daily allowance.

What is the period when key health, nutrition, early education, and related services should be delivered to ensure optimum physical and mental development of the child?

A. pre-school age

B. lactation

C. 6 months to less than 1 year

D. first 1000 days

D. first 1000 days

Which of the following is the characteristic of a good objective

A. Sensitive

B. Meaningful

C. Realistic

D. Tangible

C. Realistic

SMART objectives (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound)

What is the process of adding an essential micronutrient in a food to improve the nutritional quality and provide public health benefits with minimal risk to health?

A. Maximum tolerable level

B. Nutritional equivalence

C. Legal minimum level

D. Fortification

D. Fortification

What is the period during gestation when the fertilized ovum becomes embedded in the wall of the uterus and begins to grow?

A. implantation

B. organogenesis

C. growth

D. infancy

A. implantation

Implantation - 8-9 days after conception

Organogenesis - week 3 to 8

What is the integral part of the Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022 which is a results-based plan with SMART results at different levels?

A. PPAN

B. Strategic Plan of the Philippines

C. Ambisyon 2040

D. Health for All Agenda

A. PPAN

PPAN - serves as the country's blueprint of action for nutrition improvement

Ambisyon 2040 - a picture of the future, a set of life goals and goals for the country

What is the wide variety of activities to "sell the products, ideas, or concepts that involves media and interpersonal channels applied in social marketing?

A. price

B. place

C. product

D. promotion

D. promotion

What is the additional daily energy requirement during lactation in kcal?

A. 300

B. 600

C. 200

D. 500

D. 500

+ 500 kcal in lactating mothers

+ 300 kcal in pregnant women (2nd & 3rd trimesters only)

from PDRI 2018

What happens to the caloric requirement of elderly people?

A. increased

B. highest peak

C. decreased

D. maintained

C. decreased

The drivers of the age-related decline in maintenance energy requirement in humans are primarily reduced physical activity and a decrease in basal metabolic rate, which is largely driven by changes in body composition.

Which of the following are the pillars of the sustainable development goals?

A. emotional

B. social

C. environmental

D. economic

3 answers:

B. social

C. environmental

D. economic

The role of a public health nutritionist wherein it requires interpersonal communication skills and the ability to adapt communication styles to a range of audiences, including professional and community stakeholders as well as funding bodies is

A. implementor

B. assessor

C. educator

D. organizer

C. educator

What is the weight of infants that is considered as very low birth weight, expressed in grams?

A. 2000 to 2500

B. 1900 to 2000

C. ≤ 1500

D. 1900 to 2500

C. ≤ 1500

Low birth weight < 2500

Very low birth weight < 1500

Extreme low birth weight < 1000

What is the process in nutritional assessment that focuses on the comparison of individuals' parameters of nutritional status with predetermined standards?

A. nutrition screening

B. nutrition surveillance

C. nutrition counseling

D. nutrition survey

A. nutrition screening

What is one of the distinct types of communication in program management that relays to the program manager the status of the different activities?

A. status reporting

B. evaluation

C. planning

D. monitoring

A. status reporting

What is the set of qualities and characteristics that represent perceptions of practitioner's competence and character?

A. professional practice

B. professional image

C. knowledge

D. education

B. professional image

What is the type of study design in which it answers the question "what will happen" and it is a prospective observation of subjects?

A. cohort

B. case series

C. case control

D. cross-sectional

A. cohort

Cohort - no outcome at the start of the study, then the researchers will observe the subjects over time to see who develops it

Case Series - group of case reports involving patients who were given similar treatments

Case Control - 2 groups w/ and w/o outcome. Retrospective

Cross-Sectional - observational @ 1 specific point in time

What is the RA that pertains to Scaling Up the National and Local Health and Nutrition Programs Through A Strengthened Integrated Strategy for Maternal, Neonatal, Child Health, and Nutrition in the First 1000 Days of Life?

A. 11148

B. 8976

C. 11210

D. 10862

A. 11148

Was enacted into law in 2018

What is the process by which a community undertakes to reach a given socio-economic goal by consciously diagnosing its problems and charting a course of action to resolve those problems?

A. one-way planning

B. participatory planning

C. local governance

D. top-level planning

B. participatory planning

Which of these are methods of nutritional assessment wherein vital indices of the community are analyzed to reflect nutritional influences?

A. population-based method

B. indirect

C. personal assessment

D. direct

B. indirect

*i think B siya kasi walang A sa kahit anong source

Indirect methods of nutritional assessment include ecological (e.g. crop production), economic (income per capita), and statistic (vital health stats) factors to derive root causes

What is the screening tool in determining the risk of mortality among children and also used for screening severe or moderate acute malnutrition?

A. weight-for-age

B. MUAC

C. height-for-age

D. weight-for-height

B. MUAC

Can also be D but B is the more common and widely-used tool.

Which of the ff has the aim to achieve economic and social progress within nature's boundaries?

A. Sustainable Development Goals

B. PPAN

C. Ambisyon 2040

D. Philippine Development Agenda

A. Sustainable Development Goals

In statistics, the measure that determines the middle value of a dataset listed in ascending order is the

A. range

B. mean

C. median

D. mode

C. median

Range - difference between highest and lowest value

Mean - average

Mode - most common

What is the process of integrating nutrition activities with other programs within the same sector?

A. program objectives

B. program plan

C. monitoring tool

D. intra-sectoral

D. intra-sectoral

What is the law institutionalizing a national feeding program for undernourished children in public daycare, kindergarten, and elementary schools to combat hunger and undernutrition among Filipino children?

A. RA 11148

B. RA 11037

C. RA 11190

D. RA 10862

B. RA 11037

A.K.A. "Masustansyang Pagkain Para Sa Batang Pilipino Act"

RA 11148 - mag-nanay act

RA 10862 - ND law of 2016

Why is networking employed in conducting a project?

A. to direct them what to do

B. to gain personal friends

C. to be more popular with the implementation

D. to gain broader scope and understanding

D. to gain broader scope and understanding

What is the term used to define a statement about the purpose of an organization that describes how an organization will fulfill its vision?

A. mission

B. vision

C. goal

D. objectives

A. mission

What is the newly approved law which creates a Professional Regulatory Board of Food Technology

A. 8172

B. 10879

C. 1087

D. 11052

D. 11052

What is the period regarded as a phase of stabilization in the development process?

A. pre-school

B. school age

C. adulthood

D. adolescents

C. adulthood

What is the science of teaching children or those who have comparable cognitive ability?

A. pedagogy

B. geragogy

C. epidemiology

D. andragogy

A. pedagogy

Geragogy - teaching elderly

Andragogy - teaching adults

In the NCP guidelines who is the hospital personnel in charge of discussing to the RND the nutrient-drug interaction?

A. pharmacist

B. medical doctor

C. nurse

D. social worker

A. pharmacist

What is the document that takes precedent over national legislation which aims to ensure uniform implementation of legislations?

A. Implementation development path

B. Tools utilized

C. Implementing rules and regulations

D. Measurements applied

C. Implementing rules and regulations

What is the level of additional daily water requirement during pregnancy in ml?

A. 200

B. 150

C. 100

D. 300

D. 300

+ 300 ml in pregnancy

+ 700 ml during lactation

What is the part in program planning that spells out the specific steps to be taken, and the order of occurrence?

A. strategies

B. targets

C. activities

D. objectives

C. activities

What is the factor in food choices that includes both the physical availability of healthy food options and the availability of information to make informed decisions?

A. affordability

B. marketability

C. availability

D. accessibility

D. accessibility

What is the type of protein in cow's milk?

A. linoleic acid

B. lactose

C. lactoferrin

D. casein

D. casein

Cow's milk consists of around 80% casein protein. It's also found in other milk variants like yogurt and cheese

linoleic acid - fat

lactose - sugar

lactoferrin - protein in human & animal milk. high content in colostrum

Which of the ff nutritional assessment methods is useful in detecting early changes in body metabolism and nutrition before the appearance of overt clinical signs?

A. dietary

B. biochemical

C. anthropometry

D. clinical

B. biochemical

Biochemical tests show issues in metabolism and nutrition before any physical signs e.g. clinical and anthropometric manifest

What is the value that examines the probability of adequacy or inadequacy of reported usual intakes of individuals?

A. Recommended energy and nutrient intakes

B. Estimated average requirement

C. Estimated energy requirement

D. Tolerable upper limit

B. Estimated average requirement

What is the plan that determines where an organization is going over the next year or more, or how it's going to get there and how it'll know if it got there or not? (fotek labo)

A. program plan

B. strategic plan

C. status report plan

D. supervision plan

B. strategic plan

What DOH facility is in charge of overseeing the implementation of the NCP guidelines based on its mandate in providing technical assistance to hospitals?

A. Health Facility Development Bureau

B. Policy Bureau

C. Private and Public hospital facilities

D. Facility for Health and Development

A. Health Facility Development Bureau

From DOH AO 2019-0033

The Health Facility Development Bureau (HFDB) of DOH shall be the national oversight in the implementation of this Order based on its mandate in providing technical assistance to hospitals. It shall coordinate and provide technical inputs for the operationalization this Order and other relevant initiatives.

Which of the following nutrients supplies oxygen from the lungs to the different parts of the body?

A. protein

B. vitamin D

C. iron

D. fat

C. iron

Haemoglobin molecules inside red blood cells pick up and carry the oxygen.

Heme = iron

What is the supplement needed by pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects?

A. vitamin E

B. folic acid

C. calcium

D. vitamin D

B. folic acid

400 mg baseline for adults

+ 200 in pregnancy

+ 150 during lactation

In statistics, what is the measure that aims to provide an accurate description of the entire data in the distribution?

A. distribution table

B. central tendency

C. mean

D. standard deviation

B. central tendency

What is the RA that stipulates increasing the maternity leave period for female workers?

A. 11148

B. 10862

C. 11210

D. 8976

C. 11210

Republic Act No. 11210: An Act Increasing the Maternity Leave Period to One Hundred Five (105) Days for Female Workers with an Option to Extend for an Additional Thirty (30) Days Without Pay, and Granting an Additional Fifteen (15) Days for Solo Mothers, and for Other Purposes.

A condition when all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life is called food _____

A. affordability

B. accessibility

C. availability

D. security

D. security

Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. The three core determinants of food security are food availability, food access, and food utilization.

What is a marker of sub-optimal intrauterine growth and poor maternal nutrition?

A. poor intake

B. low birth weight

C. maternal CED

D. poor maternal knowledge

B. low birth weight

all other choices are causes, not markers/effects

In social marketing, which of the following refers to where the product can be displayed and obtained with the principle of accessibility?

A. product

B. promotion

C. price

D. place

D. place

What are the different contaminants of foods?

A. biochemical and chemical

B. chemical, microbiological, and physical

C. chemical, biological, and biochemical

D. physical and biological

B. chemical, microbiological, and physical

Which of these inhibits intracellular viral replication?

A. interferon

B. lysozymes

C. macrophages

D. lactoferrin

A. interferon

All choices have roles in the immune response of the body

lysozymes - lyses the cell wall peptidogycan of bacteria

macrophages - engulfs foreign materials

lactoferrin - binds to iron & provides protection against pathogens

What is the activity to be conducted in order to help the program staff and organizational leadership understand what the program aims to achieve and in what time period?

A. define the scope of work

B. data collection

C. work with the community

D. define the roles

A. define the scope of work

An LBW infant may need to catch up to increase his weight before reaching 2 years old, in order to have an optimal growth what would be the required increment in folds?

A. 8

B. 4

C. 10

D. 14

Di ko nagets tanong tapos wala ring sagot sa answer key so

What is the process of milk synthesis and secretion of the mammary gland?

A. lactogenesis

B. propulsion

C. let-down reflex

D. prolactin

A. lactogenesis

In statistics, what is the difference between the highest and lowest values within a set of numbers?

A. median

B. range

C. mean

D. mode

B. range

What is the condition to describe the complex disorder involving an excessive amount of body fat?

A. accumulated fat and energy

B. adipose tissue

C. fat deposit

D. obesity

D. obesity

What is the IBW (in grams) of a 9-month old infant who has a birthweight of 6 kgs?

A. 8500

B. 10500

C. 7500

D. 6500

B. 10500

For babies 6 months and under:

IBW = birth weight (gm) + (age in months x 600)

For babies over 6 months:

IBW = birth weight (gm) + (age in months x 500)

Which of the ff refers to food that bears or contains any poisonous or deleterious substance which may render it injurious to health or exceeding established maximum limits or standards for good manufacturing practice?

A. botulism

B. misbranding

C. additive

D. adulterated food

D. adulterated food

How many days could a female worker take a leave under the Expanded Maternity Leave Law?

A. 80

B. 105

C. 100

D. 90

B. 105

During pregnancy, metabolism is

A. sustained

B. increased

C. maintained

D. decreased

B. increased

What is the estimation of nutritional status on the basis of measurements of nutrient stores, functional forms, excreted forms, and/or metabolic functions?

A. dietary

B. biochemical

C. clinical

D. anthropometry

B. biochemical

What is this substance when taken too much, decreases the absorption of iron, and increases the risk of spontaneous abortion?

A. nicotine

B. aspartame

C. caffeine

D. MSG

A. nicotine

C. caffeine

Nicotine decreases vitamin C levels, which lead to the decrease in iron absorption. It has also been associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortions.

Caffeine can be found in coffee, and coffee beans contain phytates, which are inhibitors for iron absorption. It has also been associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortions.

What is used to characterize an organized group of activities allowing the identification of nutritional needs and provision of care to meet these needs?

A. assessment

B. process

C. nutrition care

D. diagnosis

C. nutrition care

What period in life is characterized by slowing down of growth, and body changes occur gradually?

A. adolescence

B. infancy

C. school age

D. young infancy

C. school age

AKA middle childhood

Can't be A since may growth spurt don & drastic ang body changes

In statistics, the measure that represents the average value of the dataset is

A. range

B. mean

C. mode

D. median

B. mean

The statistical measure that represents the single value of the entire distribution of a dataset is

A. distribution table

B. range

C. central tendency

D. median

C. central tendency

What is the measure of detecting early changes in the body metabolism & nutrition before the appearance of overt clinical signs?

A. dietary

B. clinical

C. biochemical

D. anthropometry

C. biochemical

Blood tests can show nutritional status way ahead of time, before physical symptoms and signs start to appear

What is the measure of detecting early changes in the body metabolism & nutrition before the appearance of overt clinical signs?

A. dietary

B. clinical

C. biochemical

D. anthropometry

C. biochemical

Blood tests can show nutritional status way ahead of time, before physical symptoms and signs start to appear

The products intended to address the nutrients gap that contain one or more dietary ingredients is

A. food stability

B. dietary supplements

C. food security

D. nutrition security

B. dietary supplements

What is the MOST common cause of nutritional anemia?

A. iron

B. vitamin B12

C. folic acid

D. vitamin A

A. iron

iron-deficiency anemia

What is the period when the HIGHEST peak of adolescent growth?

A. growth spurt

B. menarche

C. increased metabolism

D. increased activity

A. growth spurt

What is the section in the thesis that is developed within the context of the formulated problem and the readers should have understood what you did and the outcomes of the research?

A. methods

B. conclusion

C. discussion

D. introduction

B. conclusion

What is the simplest and most practical method in nutrition surveys wherein the nutritional status of a group of individuals is assessed based on physical signs that are known to be associated with malnutrition and deficiency of micronutrients?

A. dietary

B. clinical

C. anthropometry

D. biochemical

B. clinical

clinical = signs and symptoms

What is the goal of the PPAN?

A. improving the nutrition situation of the country

B. reducing child and maternal mortality

C. achievement of Ambisyon 2040

D. reducing inequality in human development

A. improving the nutrition situation of the country

During the 12 to 24 months of the child, his/her brain reaches what percent of its adult size?

A. 75

B. 45

C. 65

D. 55

A. 75

In nutrition education, what is the aspect of each message that can affect or hamper the communication process?

A. barriers

B. interruptions

C. brevity

D. clarity

A. barriers

What is the collegial body of NNC that is chaired by the Secretary of Health with other member agencies?

A. Governing Board

B. DOJ

C. DOH Board of Trustees

D. NNC Board of Directors

A. Governing Board

The NNC Governing Board is the collegial body that is chaired by the Secretary of Health. The Board is composed of ten government organizations (DOH, DA, DILG, DepED, DSWD, DTI, DOLE, DOST, DBM and NEDA) represented by their secretaries, and three representatives from the private sector who are appointed by the President for a two-year term with possible reappointment.

What is the dimension in food security that refers to the physical existence of food?

A. affordability

B. accessibility

C. availability

D. utilization

C. availability

A birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age based on a reference population is

A. good birth outcome

B. small for gestational age

C. low birthweight

D. underweight

What is the brief summary of economic, environmental, social, and/or civic value of your program that must be stipulated to key decision makers or those who influence them?

A. evaluation

B. monitoring

C. impact statement

D. social importance

C. impact statement

An impact statement is a short statement that explains the significance of your project.

What activity is a two-way interaction through which a client and a trained counselor interpret the results of nutrition assessment, identify individual nutrition needs and goals, discuss ways to meet those goals, and agree on the next steps?

A. nutrition counseling

B. community assembly

C. commitment setting

D. public meeting

A. nutrition counseling

What are the large phagocytes of the immune system that engulf and consume microorganisms and other foreign particles and interact with T- and B-cells to produce inflammatory process and antibodies?

A. macrophages

B. lysozymes

C. lactoferrin

D. interferon

A. macrophages

What is the estimated prevalence of potentially excessive intakes that may be at-risk of adverse effects?

A. upper limit

B. estimated energy limit

C. tolerable median

D. recommended energy

A. upper limit

What is the purpose of a nutrition diagnosis?

A. identify the problem that can be resolved through intervention

B. know the feelings and emotions of the individual

C. determine the best quality of test

D. identify the person's lifestyle

A. identify the problem that can be resolved through intervention

Which of the following refers to the daily nutrient intake level that is based on scientific evidences on the approximation of average nutrient intake of individuals or groups considered as apparently health and is assumed to sustain a defined nutritional state?

A. estimated average requirement

B. tolerable upper limit

C. adequate intake

D. estimated energy intake

C. adequate intake

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR): Average daily level of intake estimated to meet the requirements of 50% of healthy individuals

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER): average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in healthy, normal weight individuals of a defined age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity consistent with good health.

The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the maximum level of total chronic intake of a nutrient from all sources judged to be unlikely to pose a risk of adverse health effects in humans.

During the first year, infants increase their height by ____ percent.

A. 40

B. 50

C. 20

D. 30

B. 50

The vitamin that prevents hemorrhagic disease during pregnancy is

A. K

B. D

C. B complex

D. C

A. K

What is the short document that presents the findings and recommendations of a research project to a non-specialized audience?

A. policy brief

B. white paper

C. guidelines

D. plan

A. policy brief

What is the section in thesis writing that is meant to set the context for your research work and highlight how it contributes to the knowledge in your field and builds on previous similar studies?

A. introduction

B. results

C. methods

D. abstract

A. introduction

What is the scientific evaluation of known or potential adverse health effects resulting from human exposure to biological, chemical, and physical hazards?

A. risk assessment

B. clinical assessment

C. workspace analysis

D. physical set-up

A. risk assessment

A measure of the number of food groups over a reference period is

A. food balance sheet

B. food diary

C. food recall

D. dietary diversity

D. dietary diversity

What is the nutrient that participates in the activation of vitamin D and in the release of parathyroid hormone?

A. calcium

B. iodine

C. sodium

D. magnesium

A. calcium

The data that offers descriptive information which captures experience, behavior, opinion, value, feeling, knowledge, sensory response, or observable phenomena is

A. measurable

B. specific

C. quantitative

D. qualitative

D. qualitative

What could be done to help the program planners understand their allies, neutral parties, and opponents in order to decide the most feasible route to accomplish their goals?

A. identify resource generation

B. identify manpower

C. identify the stakeholders

D. identify the audience

C. identify the stakeholders