Theories of Intelligence and Intelligence Testing

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts from theories of intelligence, intelligence testing, and academic skills discussed in the lecture.

What do psychometric approaches to intelligence testing involve?

They involve using pencil and paper tests or physical measurements to assess intelligence.

Who developed the two-factor theory of intelligence?

Charles Spearman.

What are the two factors in Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence?

General intelligence (G) and specific intelligence (S).

What is fluid ability according to Cattell and Horn?

The biologically based ability to think, peaking at age 18.

What is crystallized ability?

The knowledge and skills acquired through culture that can increase throughout adulthood.

What are the three types of intelligence in Sternberg's triarchic theory?

Componential, experiential, and contextual intelligence.

How does Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences differ from traditional views of intelligence?

It proposes eight distinct types of intelligence rather than a single general intelligence.

What is the role of parents and teachers according to Gardner's theory?

To recognize each child's strengths and weaknesses in various intelligences and provide opportunities for growth.

What is the primary purpose of Binet's intelligence test?

To separate children with limited prior education and determine their suitability for standard classes.

Who adapted Binet's test for use in America?

Lewis Terman.

What is the formula for calculating IQ according to William Stern?

Mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100.

What is the Flynn effect?

The observed increase in IQ scores over time across populations.

What is the strategy choice model in math learning?

It suggests that children choose the fastest method they can accurately execute to solve math problems.

What is considered the most important academic task in our culture?

Reading.

Who proposed six stages of learning to read?

Jean Shaw.

What is emergent literacy?

It refers to phonetic awareness and the understanding of sounds in words that are crucial for reading.

How does reading to a child influence their later reading achievement?

There is a positive correlation between reading to a child and their later reading success.