MATERIAL SCIENCE: CH 7 PRE-QUIZ VOCAB

dislocation

defect in a crystal where atoms are out of place

dislocation density

the number of dislocations in a certain volume of material

dislocation slip (slip)

when dislocations move and cause layers of atoms to slide past each other

edge dislocation 

a type of dislocation where an extra half-plane of atoms is inserted into a crystal

elastic-perfectly plastic

a material behavior where it first stretches, then permanently deforms without any increase in stress

grain

a small crystal within a metal or material

grain boundary 

the surface where 2 grains meet

linear density

how many atoms are lined up along a certain length in a crystal

linear elastic

when a material returns to its original shape after the stress is removed

linear elastic regime

the range where a material behaves elastically, it will spring back when the load is removed

normal stress

acts perpendicular to a surface

planar density

how tightly packed atoms are in a specific plane within a crystal

plastic strain 

permanent deformation

screw dislocation

a type of dislocation where the crystal layers are shifted in a spiral pattern around a line

shear stress

acts parallel to a surface

strain

refers to displacements

stress

 a measure of an applied mechanical load or force

toughness

how much energy a material can absorb before it breaks  

ultimate strength

maximum stress a material can withstand before it breaks or fails 

second phase boundary

the dividing surface between 2 materials or phases within a solid

second phase particle

small particles of a different material or phase within the main material