Human Dev: Chapter 9

Puberty

Puberty: rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that ends childhood. 

• Lasts for 3-5 years 

Menarche

Menarche: first menstrual period, ovulation and menstruation are usually irregular 

• Happens at around 12 years and 4 months 

Spermarche

first ejaculation of sperm 

• Happens at around 13 years 

Pituitary gland

gland that responds to the hypothalamus by producing hormones like sex and growth hormones 

Adrenal gland

2 glands above the kidneys that respond to the pituitary and produce hormones 

HPA axis

sequence of hormonal production that starts in the hypothalamus, then the pituitary, and then the adrenal glands 

• for managing stress

Gonads

paired sex glands (ovaries and testicles) that produce hormones and mature gametes 

HPG axis

sequence of hormone production beginning in hypothalamus, then pituitary, then gonads 

• for sexual maturation

Circadian rhythm

: day-night cycle that occurs every 24 hours 

• Changes during puberty, which is why kids can be awake at midnight and sleepy all day 

• ¾ of high schoolers are sleep-deprived

Growth spurt

sudden, uneven jump in size that occurs during puberty. 

• fingers and toes > hands and feet > arms and legs > torso

Body image

Body image: a person's idea of how their body looks 

Anorexia nervosa

self-starvation 

• BMI: <17 mild, <15 extreme 

Bulimia nervosa

binge eating and purging 

• Risk damage to gastrointestinal system and cardiac arrest from electrolyte imbalance 

Primary sex characteristics

parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction 

secondary sex characteristics

physical traits that aren't directly involved in reproduction but still indicate sexual maturity 

• Peak fertility is at age 17 

• boys grow ~5 inches taller than girls and widen at the shoulders

• girls grow breasts and widened hips

Child SA

sexual activity between a juvenile and an adult 

• Adolescents are the most frequent victims 

• 13% of hs girls 

• 4% of hs boys 

STI

disease spread by sexual contact; syphilis, gonorrhea, gential herpes, chlamydia, HIV 

• Sexually active teens have higher rates of gonorrhea, herpes, and chlamydia than sexually active people of other age groups 

• Half of all stis are in age 15-25 

• 20% of sexually active teens have stis 

Adolescent egocentricism

(Elkrind): focusing on themselves and on what others think of them 

Rumination

tihnking obsessively about self-focused concerns 

imaginary audience

belief that everyone is watching their every move  

Personal fable

belief that their thoughts, feelings, and experiences are unique and are more wonderful/awful than anyone else 

invincibility fable

belief that they cannot be hurt/killed unless It's destined. Promotes dangerous acts like drugs and dangerous driving 

Hypothetical thought

reasoning that includes possibilities that may not reflect reality 

Deductive reasoning

reasoning from a general statement to figure out specifics (top down)

inductive reasoning

reasoning from one or more specific experiences/facts to come up with a general conclusion (AKA bottom up)

Dual processing

Dual processing: belief that 2 networks exist in the brain; one for emotional and one for analytic reasoning 

• Intuitive thought: begins with belief, assumption, or general rule 

• Analytic thought: formal, logical, hypothetical thinking 

High-stakes test

test that's critical in determining whether a student will graduate/be promoted