Pharmacology 2nd oa study guide

What type of drug is Methylphenidate?

CNS Stimulant

What is Methylphenidate used to treat?

ADHD and narcolepsy

What are some side effects of Methylphenidates?

loss of appetite, weight loss, insomnia

What are some nursing instructions for Methlphenidates?

Monitor weight during therapy

What are some patient instructions for methlyphenidates?

do not take at night; children should take drug "holidays"

What type of drug is Phenelzine?

MAOI

What is Phenelzine used to treat?

depression

What are some signs/symptoms of Phenelzine?

hypertensive crisis, agitation/anxiety, orthostatic hypotension

What are some patient instructions for Phenelzine?

don't eat foods rich in tyramine; avoid caffeine

What type of drug is Pregabalin?

Anticonvulsant/ Nonopioid analgesic

What is Pregabalin used to treat?

neuropathy, fibromyalgia, restless leg syndrome, seizures

What are some side effects of Pregabalin?

dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, edema, potential for abuse

What is some patient teaching for pregabalin?

avoid alcohol, discontinue gradually

What type of drug is Morphine?

Opioid Agonist

What is Morphine used to treat?

moderate to severe pain; promotion of sedation

What are some nursing instructions for Morphine?

monitor pain level, vital signs, respiratory status; administer naloxone for OD

What are some side effects of Morphine?

sedation, GI upset, hypotension, urinary retention

What is some patient education for Morphine?

increase fluid and fiber intake

What type of drug is Phenytoin?

Anticonvulsant

What does phenytoin treat?

seizure disorder

What responsibility for the nurse does Phenytoin call for?

monitor phenytoin blood levels (range is 10-20 mcg/ml)

What are some side effects of phenytoin?

gingival hyperplasia, dizziness, vision issues, GI upset

What is some patient teaching of Phenytoin?

lowers effectiveness of oral contraceptives

What type of drug is Levodopa?

CNS agent

What does Levodopa treat?

Parkinson's disease

What are some side effects of taking Levodopa?

lightheadedness, confusion, nausea, rouble sleeping, headache

What are some patient teachings for Levodopa?

eat high protein, take meds 30 minutes before or one hour after meals

What kind of medication is Pilocarpine?

Cholinergic

What is Pilocarpine used to treat?

glaucoma

What is the nursing instruction for Pilocarpine?

don't touch eye with applicator, hold lacrimal duct for one minute to prevent systemic effects

What are some side effects of Pilocarpine?

stinging, eye pain

What does Tretinoin treat?

acne

What are some side effects of Tretinoin?

photosensitivity, skin irritation

What are some patient teachings for tretinoin?

avoid skin exposure, wear sunscreen

What type of medication is Acetaminophen?

Antipyretic/non-opioid analgesic

What is acetaminophen used to treat?

mild to moderate pain, fever

What is the nursing instruction for Acetaminophen?

administer acetylcysteine for overdose

What is a side effect of acetaminophen?

GI upset

What is a patient teaching of acetaminophen?

do not exceed 4g/ day

What type of medication is Bupropion?

atypical antidepressant

What does Bupropion treat?

depression and smoking cessation

What are some side effects of Bupropion?

insomnia, headache, GI upset, weight loss, agitation, seizures

What is Zolpidem/Eszopiclone used to treat?

insomnia

What are some side effects of Zolpidem/Eszopiclone?

daytime sleepiness, dizziness, abnormal thinking/behavior

What are some patient educations for Zolpidem/Eszopiclone?

allow for at least 7-8 hours of sleep a day

What type of medication is Glipizide?

Sulfonylurea

What is Glipizide used to treat?

type 2 diabetes

What are some side effects of Glipizide?

hypoglycemia, photosensitivity, GI upset

What are some patient teachings for Glipizide?

take 30 minutes before a meal, do not consume alcohol, wear sunscreen

What kind of medication is Glargine?

long-acting insulin

What does glargine treat?

diabetes mellitus

What is the nursing instruction for Glargine?

monitor blood sugar levels

What are some side effects of glargine?

anxiety, low blood sugar, behavior like being drunk, blurred vision

What are some patient instructions for Glargine?

don't use if blood sugar is low; use as directed

What kind of medication is Metformin?

Biguanide

What does Metformin treat?

type 2 diabetes

What is the nursing instruction for Metformin?

hold medication prior to procedures requiring contrast dye and for 48 hours after the procedure. Monitor for signs of lactic acidosis

What are some side effects of Metformin?

lactic acidosis, GI upset, metallic taste

What are some patient instructions for Metformin?

take with a meal; do not consume with alcohol

What kind of medication is Levothyroxine?

Thyroid Hormone

What is Levothyroxine used to treat?

Hypothyroidism

What is the nursing instruction for Levothyroxine?

monitor T3, T4, and TSH levels

What are some side effects of Levothyroxine?

when does is too high, hyperthyroidism

What are some patient education for Levothyroxine?

take on an empty stomach with a full glass of water before breakfast; requires lifelong treatment

What type of medication is Methylprednisolone?

glucocorticoids

What does Methylprednisolone treat?

a few illnesses such as asthma, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory disorders

What is the nursing instruction for Methylprednisolone?

monitor for infection and PUD (s/s: coffee ground emesis, tarry stools)

What are the side effects of Methylprednisolone?

bone loss, weight gain/fluid retention, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia

What is some patient education for methylprednisolone?

periods of stress may require additional doses; do not stop suddenly

What is an interaction with Methylprednisolone?

NSAIDs

What kind of medication is Labetalol?

Nonselective Beta Blockers

What does Labetalol treat?

hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, MI

What are some nursing instructions for Labetalol?

Monitor BP and HR; hold per provider's order parameters

What are some side effects of Labetalol?

bronchospasm, hypotension, bradycardia, erectile dysfunction

What is a contraindication of Labetalol?

Asthma

What kind of medication is Furosemide?

loop diuretic

What is furosemide used to treat?

pulmonary edema, edema, hypertension

What is the nursing instruction for Furosemide?

administer several hours before bed to prevent disruption of sleep, infuse 20 mg/min, weigh patients daily, monitor I&Os and electrolytes

What are some side effects of Furosemide?

hypotension, ototoxicity, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances

What are some patient teachings of Furosemide?

consume foods high in potassium

What type of medication is Phenazopyridine?

urinary tract analgesic

What is Phenazopyridine used for?

pain, urgency associated with UTI

What are some side effects of Phenazopyridine?

orange/red discoloration of urine and other bodily fluids (like tears) during treatment

What are some patient instructions for Phenazopyridine?

can cause staining of soft contact lenses, urine discoloration can stain clothes and bedding

What type of medication is Fluticasone?

Corticosteroid

What does Fluticasone treat?

asthma, rhinitis

What are some side effects of fluticasone?

pharyngitis, oral candidiasis, bone demineralization with long use, immunosuppression

What are some patient teachings of Fluticasone?

rinse mouth with water after administration, clean mouthpiece weekly, do not use to treat asthma attacks, do not stop medication abruptly, it must be tapered

What kind of medication is Fluconazole?

systemic antifungals

What does Fluconazole treat?

fungal infections

What nursing instruction is needed for Fluconazole?

Monitor for liver dysfunction, administer test dose of amphotericin B for prior to administration

What are some side effects of fluconazole?

hepatotoxicity, GI upset, rash

What does Tetracycline treat?

bacterial infections

What are some side effects of tetracycline?

tooth discoloration in children and fetuses, GI upset, photosensitivity

What are some patient teachings of Tetracycline?

dairy products, foods high in calcium and iron, & antacids reduce absorption

What kind of medication is Alendronate?

Bisphosphonates

What does Alendronate treat?

postmenopausal osteoporosis, Paget's disease

What is a side effect of Alendronate?

esophagitis

What should the nurse monitor for a patient on Alendronate?

Monitor bone density

What is the patient instruction for Alendronate?

sit upright for 30 minutes after taking, take on an empty stomach in the morning