Hinduism and Buddhism Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts, terms, and beliefs related to Hinduism and Buddhism as discussed in the lecture notes.

What is the supreme spirit in Hinduism?

Brahman is the supreme spirit believed to be the one true God.

What does the term 'Atman' refer to in Hinduism?

Atman refers to the eternal spirit or soul present in every person.

Who is Vishnu in Hinduism?

Vishnu is the preserver of the universe and represents mercy and goodness.

What is an avatar in Hinduism?

An avatar is a bodily form of a deity, such as Krishna being an avatar of Vishnu.

What is the Trimurti in Hinduism?

The Trimurti refers to the three main Hindu Gods: Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.

What does the term 'Dharma' mean in Hinduism?

Dharma means one's duty and involves doing what is right based on varna (caste) and ashrama (life stage).

What is the cycle of death and rebirth in Hinduism called?

The cycle of death and rebirth is called Samsara.

What is Moksha in Hindu belief?

Moksha is the release of the Atman from the cycle of Samsara; reincarnation no longer occurs.

What are the three main paths to attain Moksha in Hinduism?

The three paths to Moksha are Karma Yoga, Jnana Yoga, and Bhakti Yoga.

What does 'Puja' mean in Hinduism?

Puja is the act of worshiping the Gods through offerings and prayers.

What are the four noble truths in Buddhism?

1. Suffering exists 2. The cause of suffering is desire or attachment 3. The end of suffering can be achieved 4. The path that frees us from suffering is the Eightfold Path.

What is Nirvana in Buddhism?

Nirvana is the ultimate goal of Buddhism, a state free from suffering and the cessation of rebirth.

What is 'Anatta' in Buddhism?

Anatta is the principle that there is no permanent self; it refers to the idea that the self is a collection of changing factors.

What are the Five Precepts in Buddhism?

The Five Precepts are: 1. Refrain from killing 2. Refrain from stealing 3. Refrain from sexual misconduct 4. Refrain from false speech 5. Refrain from intoxicants.

What is the significance of the Dharma Wheel in Buddhism?

The Dharma Wheel symbolizes the cycle of birth, life, and death, indicating the process of Samsara.

Who was Siddartha Gautama?

Siddartha Gautama was a rich Hindu prince who sought enlightenment after encountering the suffering of the world.

What is the Middle Way in Buddhism?

The Middle Way is a balanced approach to life, avoiding extremities of poverty and luxury.

What does a Mandala represent in Hinduism and Buddhism?

A Mandala represents the universe and is used as an aid to meditation.

What cultural significance does the Dhoti hold in Hinduism?

The Dhoti is a traditional garment symbolizing humility and purity, primarily worn by men.

Why do many Hindus refrain from eating beef?

Cows are considered sacred in Hinduism, hence most Hindus prefer not to eat beef.