MT ch 4 a closer look

antigen

a foreign substance

stimulates production of antibodies

antibodies

protein substances made by white blood cells

immune response

reaction between antigen and antibody

vaccine

you receive dead or weakened antigens that stimulate white blood cells to make antibodies which remain in blood

Rh condition

antigen-antibody reaction

someone who is Rh-positive

has a protein coating (antigen) on red blood cells

someone who is Rh-negative

have normal RBCs as well with no Rh factor antigen

hemolytic disease of newborn HDN

arises from second infant that is RH+ born

attacked by antibodies from first RH+ baby

jaundice

yellow skin pigmentation

excessive destruction of RBCs

bilirubin

made by hemoglobin when RBCs break down

high levels in bloodstream cause jaundice

treatment of jaundice

newborns are exposed to bright lights- phototherapy

Rh condition treatment

doctors administer Rh immunoglobulin to mother within 72 hours after each delivery, abortion, or miscarriage

globulin binds to Rh+ cells and prevents formation of antibodies

congenital anomaly

an irregularity in a structure or organ that an infant is born with

recombinant DNA technology

process of taking a gene from one organism and inserting it into the DNA of another organism

PCR polymerase chain reaction

a technique to copy small segments of DNA for analysis

CRISPR

clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats

a DNA editing tool that changes DNA sequences to turn off genes or replace them with new versions

syndrome

a group of signs or symptoms that appear together to make a typical clinical picture of a disease or inherited abnormality

Turner syndrome

females are born with an XO karyotype configuration- 45 chromosomes

short height, webbed neck, delayed puberty, no ovaries

Klinefelter syndrome

males are born with XXY karyotype configuration- 47 chromosomes

gynecomastia, less developed male sex organs, testicular atrophy, long legs, long hands

Marfan syndrome

inherited connective tissue disorder

tall, thin body with long fingers and toes, elongated head, heart, blood vessel, and ophthalmic abnormallities

transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)

portion of prostate gland is removed

benign prostatic hyperplasia

prostatic tissue increases and interferes with urination

ultrasonography

a diagnostic technique using ultrasound waves to make an image of an organ or tissue

echocardiogram

ultrasound image of heart