Quiz 1 Review (Chapter 1-2)

Social Psychology

The scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.

Hindsight Bias

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.

Random Assignment

A process used in experiments to assign participants to different groups by chance.

Informed Consent

An ethical guideline ensuring that participants are fully aware of the nature of the research and any risks involved.

Norms

Informal rules that govern members' behavior within a group.

Social Exchange Theory

A theoretical perspective that analyzes social interactions based on perceived costs and benefits.

Cognitions

Mental processes of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

Schemas

Cognitive frameworks or concepts that help organize and interpret information.

Field Studies

Qualitative research that involves observing behaviors in everyday life.

Archival Research

The analysis of existing data collected by others.

Content Analysis

A research method used to identify themes and patterns in documents.

Self-Presentation

The process by which individuals attempt to control the impressions others form of them in social interactions.

Dramaturgy

A sociological perspective that views social interaction as a theatrical performance.

Self-Esteem

An individual's overall sense of self-worth and personal value.

Self-Serving Bias

The tendency to attribute success to oneself and failures to external factors.

Impression Management

The process of influencing others' perceptions of oneself.

Looking-Glass Self

A concept by Charles H. Cooley that describes how self-image is shaped by how we think others perceive us.

Identity Salience

The prominence of a particular identity in a person's self-concept at a given time.

Individualism vs. Collectivism

Cultural dimensions that emphasize personal goals and independence versus group goals and interdependence.

Cognitive Structure

The way cognition is organized and interrelated that affects behavior and judgment.