Magnesium: Fluid Electrolyte

Magnesium Mg+ Normal Range

1.3-2.1

Hypomagnesium <1.3

Hypermagnesium >2.1

Magnesium Purpose

Energy production

regulation of muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure.

Hypomagnesemia Causes

correlation to hypokalemi/hypocalcemia

• alcoholism

• malabsorption syndrome

• Malnutrition

• Loop-diuretics, thiazide

• diabetic

• excessive diaphoresis

Hypomagnesium Manifestations

Neuro: Chvostek/Trousseau, weakness, muscle cramps/spasm, tetany, seizure

Cardio: HTN, Tachycardia, dysrhythmia

Resp: stridor, decreased

GI: N/V, hypoactive bowel sounds

Hypomagnesemia Nursing Intervention

• Intake and Output

• treat dysrhythmia

Hypomagnesemia Diet

Increase Mg+

Beans, nuts, whole grains, seafood, peanut butter

Hypomagnesemia Medication

• Oral Mg+

• IV Magnesium Sulfate

Hypermagnesemia Causes

• poor excretion

• excessive intake antacids, laxatives, vitamins

• paralytic ileus

• bowel obstruction

• diabetic ketoacidosis

Hypermagnesemia manifestations

Neuro: decreased muscle and nerve activity

Hypoactive deep tendon reflex

Cardio: hypotension, bradycardia

GI: N/V

Hypermagnesemia Nursing Interventions

• intake and output

• cardiac monitoring for hypotension

• CKD→ no mg meds

• Restrict: halibut, almonds, cashews, spinach

Hypermagnesemia Medications

IV calcium chloride/gluconate