Organic Chemicals

Polymers

large molecules that are made up of the same/similar small molecules

monomers

small molecules that make up polymers

dehydration synthesis

the building of large molecules by bonding together smaller molecules and the removing of water per bond formed

hydrolysis

the breaking down(digestion) of a large molecules to created small molecules, requires one water molecule per bond

what is the monomer of carbohydrates

monosaccharide

what is the monomer of lipids

fatty acids/ glycerol

what is the monomer of proteins

amino acids

what is the monomer of nucleic acids

nucleotides

what is the polymer of carbohydrates

polysaccharides

what is the polymer of lipids

triglycerides

what is the polymer of proteins

polypeptides

what is the polymer of nucleic acids

DNA and RNA

CHONPS

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur

what are foods that contain carbs

sugars, starches, fiber

what are the elements present in carbs

C, H, O

what is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen

2:1

What is the functions of carbs

energy storage

What are the other properties of carbs

Hydrophilic and contains the -OH group

What are examples of monosaccharides

glucose (C6H12C6)

What do you get combining two monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis

disaccharides

What are examples of disaccharides in living organisms

maltose: glucose+glucose

sucrose: glucose+glucose

What do you get breaking down disaccharide by hydrolysis

monosaccharides

how are polysaccharides made

combining many monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis

Starch

straight chains; carb storage in plants

glycogen

branched chains; carb storage in animals

cellulose

tightly packed; makes up cell wall in plants, indigestible by most animals

Polysaccharide →disaccharide→monosaccharide what do the arrows represent?

hydrolysis

monosaccharide→disaccharide→polysaccharide what do the arrows represent?

dehydration synthesis

foods that contain lipids

fats oils waxes

elements present in lipids

CHO

building blocks of lipids

fatty acids, glycerol

functions of lipids

energy storage, warmth, protection

other properties of lipids

hydrophobic

saturated fats

solid fats made by animals

unsaturated fats

liquid fats: plant and fish oils

What are most lipids that are made up of fatty acids

glycerol

what is the carboxyl group “acid”

separated from the rest

hydrocarbon chain

makes nonpolar

triglycerides

made up of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol molecule; make up fats and oils; the more unsaturated fatty acids, the more fluid

phospholipids

made up 2 fatty acids, 1 glycerol molecules, and 1 phosphate group

steroids

not made of fatty acids and glycerol; made of 4 hydrocarbon rings bonded together; make up some hormones and cholesterol

foods that contain proteins

meat, eggs, peanuts

elements present in proteins

CHON

monomer of proteins

amini acids

functions of proteins

so so so many

other properties of proteins

hydrophilic; R group is different in each amino acid; 20 amino acids

what is an essential amino acid

one we cannot make

what is a nonessential amino acid

ones we canmake

properties of the R groups of amino acids

ionic, positive, negative, hydrophobic

dipeptide

two amino acids bonded together by dehydration synthesis

The bond between C-N that holds the amino acids together is

a peptide bond

polypeptide

many amino acids bonded together by dehydration synthesis

What are examples of nucleic acids

DNA and RNA

elements present in nucleic acids

CHONP

monomer of nucleic acids

nucleotides

functions of nucleic acids

replication; protein synthesis

other properties of nucleic acids

hydrophilic; carries genetic information

RNA

single stranded molecule that helps in protein synthesis and gene expression

DNA

shaped like a double helix, this double strangled molecule carries all of our genetic information and is passed from parent to offspring during reproduction

polymer

dehydration synthesis

hydrolysis

molecular model

structural formula

saturated fatty acid

unsaturated fatty acid

lipids

polypeptide chain

nucleotide