Computer Basics + PACS + Intro to CT

Medical Imaging II - Last 3 CH

What are computers?

devices used for storing + processing data

What are the physical components of a computer known as?

hardware

What are the set of instructions/code that instruct computer hardware?

software

What is the smallest unit of digital info known as?

bit

What type of values are represented by bits?

binary values

What is a group of 8 bits also known as?

byte

What type of signal is categorized as analog?

continuous

What type of signal is categorized as digital?

discrete or binary

Does analog or digital offer higher precision?

digital

How is data represented in analog?

physical quantities

How is data represented in digital?

binary code

What is the term describing the housing for all parts of the computer?

case

What facilitates data transfer between hardware parts and is known as the “primary hub” for connections in the computer?

motherboard

What interprets instructions and runs programs in the computer?

CPU

What coverts electricity from AC (from wall) into DC within the computer?

power supply

What is electricity measured in?

watts (W)

What type of processor handles video output?

GPU

Where is the GPU inserted in a computer?

PCIE slot

What stores system configuration data and keeps track of essential settings (i.e.: time, data, boot order)?

CMOS battery

What does CMOS stand for?

complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

What does the CMOS battery work together with during startup?

BIOS

What stores active data and programs while the system runs on a computer?

RAM

What does HHD stand for?

hard disk drive

How is data saved on a HHD?

spinning magnetic disks

What does SSD stand for?

solid-state drive

Does a HHD or SSD offer more storage?

HHD

Where is the SSD inserted in a computer?

M.2 slot

Does a HDD or SSD operate with faster speed?

SDD

Does a HDD or SSD offer more durability?

SSD (stationary)

Does a SSD or HDD make less noise?

SSD (slient)

Does a SSD or HDD cost more?

HDD

What type of devices send data into the computer?

input devices

What type of devices present data back to the user?

output devices

What does a higher resolution mean for a monitor?

more detail seen

What does the refresh rate determine for a monitor?

how smooth images appear while scrolling

What type of monitors do radiologists need?

medical-grade

What does BIOS stand for?

basic input/output system

What is the first interaction between the user and the computer that involves BIOS?

pressing “ON”

What is BIOS also known as?

bridge between hardware and operating system

What term describes the physical connection points on a computer?

ports

What does USB stand for?

universal serial bus

What is the most common type of USB?

2.0

What is the function of a USB?

connect external device to computer

What is the faster version of a USB- USB 2.0 or USB 3.0?

USB 3.0

What is used to link a computer to a local network or internet?

ethernet

What does HDMI stand for?

high definition multimedia inferface

What is the function of HDMI?

sends digital video and audio signals

What did HDMI replace?

VGA and DVI

What does VGA stand for?

video graphics array

What does DVI stand for?

digital visual interface

What type of signal does VGA utilize?

analog

What type of signal does DVI utilize?

digital

Between VGA and DVI, which presents a higher image quality?

DVI

What connector color is associated with VGA?

blue

What connector color is associated with DVI?

white

What does IDE stand for?

integrated drive electronics

What is the function of IDE?

connects storage devices to motherboard

What type of cable is used by IDE?

40-pin or 80-wire flat cable

What is known as the communication highway?

BUS

What type of data carries actual data being processed?

(just) data

What type of data tells the system where data is located?

address

What type of data sends commands and timing signals to coordinate operations?

control

What does CD stand for?

compact disc

What does DVD stand for?

digital versatile disc

Between CD and DVD, which has a faster speed?

DVD

Which type of disc has a single or dual layer?

DVD

What are CDs generally used for?

basic x-ray images

What are DVDs generally used for?

CT and MRI

What type of disc is read only?

CD/DVD-ROM

What type of disc can only be written on once?

CD/DVD-R

What type of disc can be erased, reused, and is the most common?

CD/DVD-RW

What does OS stand for?

operating system

What is the function of an OS?

runs computer and coordinates all parts

What does GUI stand for?

graphical user interface

What is the function of GUI?

allows interaction with computer via icons, buttons, menus and windows

What term describes software that perform specific tasks?

applications or programs

What term describes a system of interconnected devices that share data?

networks

What does PAN stand for?

personal area network

What is the limit of a PAN?

few feet from user

What does LAN stand for?

local area network

What is the limit of LAN?

building or department

What does CAN stand for?

campus area network

What is the limit of CAN?

campus, multiple hospitals

What does MAN stand for?

metropolitan area network

What is the limit of MAN?

city

What types of network is MAN involved with?

telephone and cable

What does WAN stand for?

wide area network

What type of data is used by WAN?

internet and cellular

What does PACS stand for?

picture archiving and communication system

What is the function of PACS?

system that stores + displays digital images

What is the new name for PACS?

medical image management and processing system (MIMPS)

What did PACS replace?

film and physical storage

What other systems does PACS work with?

RIS and HIS

What does RIS stand for?

radiology information system

What does HIS stand for?

hospital information system

What does DICOM stand for?

digital imaging and communications in medicine

What is the function of DICOM?

general format to package and transfer medical images and patient data

What is referred to when PACS, RIS, network systems or imaging equipment is temporarily available?

downtime procedure

What is CT?

computed tomography

When was the first human CT scan taken?

1971