Musculoskeletal Med. Terms.

Purpose

provide shape, support and allow movement

What do muscles do

produce force and create movement

Epiphysis

end of bones

Diaphysis

middle of bone

Metaphysis

neck of bone

Axial skeleton

protects organs

Includes: skull, spine, sternum and ribs

Vertebral Regions/sections

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

Appendicular skeleton

upper and lower extremities

allow movement of upper and lower extremities

Joint

where two bones meet, held by supportive tissue

Ligament

joins bone to bone

Tendon

joins muscle to bone

Cartilage

at the end of bones, making up each moveable joint, allows for smooth movement of

Bursae

sacs of fluid found under tendons to cushion the structures surrounding the joint, prevent fraying of tendons with repeated movement

Muscles are made of

connections of muscle fiber bundles, covered by connective tissue (fascia)

Fascia

think sheet of connective tissue around muscles

Types of muscles

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Skeletal muscle

strided, attaches to bone, has striations and is encased in fascia, voluntary

Cardiac muscle

striations, only found in the heart, involuntary

Smooth muscle

no specific bundles, lines hollow organs like blood vessels, airways, and digestive system, involuntary

Oste/o

bone

Crani/o

head/skull

Cervic/o

neck

Cost/o

rib

Lumb/o

lower back

Brachi/o

arm

Carp/o

wrist

Femor/o

femur

Tibi/o

tibia

Tars/o

ankle

Chondr/o

cartilage

Arthr/o

joint

Burs/o

Bursa

Muscul/o

muscle

My/o

muscle

Myos/o

muscle

Ten/o

tendon

tend/o

tendon

tendin/o

tendonk

Kinesi/o

movement

Ostalgia, Ostealgia, Osteodynia

pain in the bone

arthralgia, arthrodynia

pain in the joint

Tenalgia

pain in the tendon

Myalgia, myodynia

pain in the muscle

Atrophy vs Hypertrophy

lack of development vs over development (muscles)

Ankylosis, crepitus

stiff/bent joint and cracking sound when bent

hypertonia, hypertonia

decrease vs increase in muscle tone

Dystaxia, ataxia

poor coordination

bradykinesia

slow movement

Genu valgum, vacrum

knock-kneed and bow-legged

myasthenia

muscle weakness

graphospasm

writers cramp

CT or CAT scan

computed axial tomography

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging

Arthroscopy

procedure of looking into a joint

Electromyography (EMG)

procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle

Kyphosis

abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine

Lordosis

exaggerated curvature of the lower spine

Scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Fracture

broken bone

Effusion

fluid buildup

Atrophy

underdevelopment, decrease or loss of muscle

Hypertrophy

overdevelopment of muscle tissue

Osteosarcoma

cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells

Osteogenesis imperfecta

brittle bone disease

Osteopenia/Osteoporosis

reduction/loss of bone density

Spinal Stenosis

abnormal narrowing of the spinal column

Arthritis

inflammation of the joints

Osteoarthritis

inflammation of the bone and joint

Rheumatoid Arthritis

inflammation of the joint due to an autoimmune disease

Subluxation and Dislocation

partial or complete dislocation of a joint

Muscular Dystrophy

disorder of poor muscle growth

Tendinitis/Tendonitis

inflammation of a tendon

Necrotizing Fasciitis

inflammation of fascia causing the death of tissue

Analgesic

pain relieving medications

Anti-Inflammatory

reduces inflammation / swelling

Antiarthritic

reduces joint inflammation and

Osteectomy/Ostectomy

removal of a bone

Closed Reduction

returning bones to proper position without surgery

Open Reduction

returning bones to proper positions with surgery

Internal Fixation

fixation (keeping still) of a bone from the inside of the body (plates, screws)

External Fixation

stabilizing a bone from the outside of the body (casting, splinting)

Orthotics, Prostheses

straighten or help to strengthen / stabilize a part of the body, replaces a missing body part

Arthrodesis

surgical fixation of a joint

Arthroplasty

reconstruction of a joint

PT

physical therapy

RICE

rest, ice, compression, elevation