quiz 3 pharm nutrition

vitamins are essential for metabolism with

carbs, proteins, and fats

deficiency

absence or inadequate use

toxicity

too much intake of certain vitamins

essential nutrients are

water, protein, carbohydrates, minerals, fats, and vitamins

macronutrients include

water, carbohydrates and fiber, fats/lipids, proteins

Micronutrients include

vitamins, minerals and electrolytes

water is the most

basic nutrient

what is the largest portion of total body weight

water

water is essential for what type of function

fluid and cellular

carbohydrates provide what to the body

energy

carbohydrates help regulate

protein and fat metabolism

carbs are classified basd on the number of

saccharide units

simple carbohydrates include

monosaccharides and disaccharides

simple carbohydrates characteristics

the body is able to absorb these quickly making them a good source of quick energy

complex carbohydrates include

Polysaccharides

complex carbohydrates characteristics

good for sustained energy, more long term

fiber is a carbohydrate that is

indigestable

proteins are provided by

plant and animal sources

complete proteins contain what

all 9 amino acids

what is the role of protein

tissue building and transportation of nutrients

lipids(fats) are a

concentrated form of energy

role of lipids

hormone production and transportation of nutrients

types of lipids

triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols

triglycerides

are the majority of fat found in food and is needed for the transportation of fat soluble vitamins

phospholipids

play a role iin cell membrane

sterols

cholesterol found in animal sources, not an essential nutrient, excess can lead to cardiovascular disease

high fat diets are associated with

cardiovascular and metabolic disorders

saturated fatty acids

are found in animal sources and excessive intake of them can elevate low density lipoproteins, known as cholesterol

unsaturated fats are found in

plant sources, fish, olives, avocado, peanuts

unsaturated fats are able to be broken down easier because

they have 2 less hydrogen ions

there are how many vitamins

13 essential vitamins

water soluble vitamins are what tyoe of complexes

c and b

water soluble vitamins are

excreted in urine and not stored in the body

fat soluble vitamins are

A, D, E, and K

fat soluble vitamins are

stored in fatty tissue

vitamins are needed for

energy in the body to be metabolize

electrolytes and minerals are

inorganic elements

electrolytes and minerals are used for what type of exchanges

metabolic

electrolytes are

electrically charged minerals

water soluble vitamins are absorbed though

the intestinal wall directly into the bloodstream

Vitamin c role

immune function and healing, tissue building, iron absorption

vitamin is sources

citrus fruits, tomatoes, peppers, green leafy vegies, strawberries

Vitamin C dificiency

PIRATE- Petechiae, Irritability, Rough Skin, Anemia, Teeth and gums, Edema

B complex vitamins provides

energy,metabolism, and neurologic function

B1 Thiamin role

production of ATP, Nervous system, Cardiac system

B1 Thiamin sources

Whole grains, legumes, pork, and fish

B1 Thiamin deficiency syndomes

Beriberi and wernicke korsakoff syndrome

Wet beriberi

Cardiac, too much fluid

Dry Berberi

Neurological

Wernicke korsakoff syndrome is

a prolonged untreated vitamin B1 deficiency

Causes for b1 deficiency

Chronic alcohol abuse, severe GI disorders, malignancy, and Aids

B2 Riboflavin role

energy production and metabolism

B2 riboflavin sources

milk/dairy, eggs, meat, and dark leafy greens

Riboflavin deficiency causes

dry cracked ulcerated lips, cracks in the corners of the mouth, and dermatitis

Riboflavin deficiency can be caused by

Chronic alcohol abuse, older adults, birth control, and strict vegan diet

B3 Niacin role is

metabolism of fat glucose and alcohol,can decrease cholesterol

B3 Niacin sources

Meat, Legumes, milk, whole grains

B3 Niacin deficiency can cause

pellagra-dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia

What can cause B3 niacin deficiency

drug abuse, alcohol use, chronic GI issues

B5 pantothenic acid role

fatty acid synthesis

B5 pantothenic acid sources

meat, whole grain, nuts, avocado

B5 Pantothenic acid deficiency presents symptoms of

fatigue, headaches, numbness

Why can B5 Pantothenic acid deficiency happen

severe malnutrition

B6 pyridoxine role

cognitive development, hemoglobin formation

B6 pyridoxine sources

meat, grains, legumes

What symptoms are presented due to B6 pyrodoxine deficiency

anemia, dermatitis, central nervous system effects

What could cause B6 pyroxidine deficiency

kidney disease, chronic GI conditions, alcohol abuse

B7 biotin role

fatty acid synthesis, metabolism of amino acids, and glucose formation

B7 biotin sources

eggs, milk, dark green vegies

B7 biotin deficiency includes

hair loss, scaly scalp, depression and fatigue

b9 folate role

hemoglobin and amino acid synthesis, prevention od neural tube defects in utero

b9 folate sources

fortified breads and cereals, green leafy vegies, legumes

b9 folate deficiency can cause

megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, cns disturbances

b12 cobalamin role

folate activation, dna formation, hemoglobin formation

b12 cobalamin sources

liver, shellfish, eggs, dairy

b12 cobalamin deficiency is caused by

pernicious anemia, malabsorption, dietary insufficiency

cobalamin deficiency symptoms are

fatigue, pallor, g.ossitis, and numbness and tingling

fat soluble vitamins are

absorbed with fat into lymph circulation

fat soluble vitamins include

A,D,E,K

vitamin a role

vision, immune growth, cell growth

vitamin a sources

animal sources, plant sources, fish, egg yolks, yellow fruits and veggies, dairy

Vitamin A deficiency

vission changes, hyperkeratosis, xeropthalmia

hyperkeratosis

thickening of the skin

xerophthalmia

harding of cornea

Vitamin D role

calcium and phosphurus absorption, bone mineralization

vitamin d sources

sunshine, milk,meat,eggs, fortified products

Vitamin d deficiency

osteoporosis and ricktes- both weaken bones

Vitamin e role

antioxidant, skin health

vitamin e sources

vegetable oils, grains, nuts, dark green vegies

vitamin e deficiency

anemia and skin changes

vitamin k role

clotting, bone formation

vitamin K sources

carrots, eggs, dark green vegies

vitamin k deficiency

increased bleeding time, easy bleeding or bruising, delayed wound healing, and weakened bones

Iron role

oxygen distribution to hemoglobin and myoglobin

Iron sources

heme-animal products, non heme- grains, legumes, vegies

Iron deficiency

shortness of breath, fatigue, heart palpitations, poor focus, restless leg syndrome, headache,weakness

iron supplementation may cause

nausea vomiting, constipation, and dark stool and discoloration of teeth

islam

halal food

hinduism

vegetarian

judaism

kosher