L11 How plate tectonics & Cliamte shaped ireland part 1

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19 Terms

1
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Geological period

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2
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Micro continent of ______?

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Drift of Avalonia

The drift of Avalonia away from Gondwana across the Lapetus Ocean relative to stationary Laurentia

<p>The drift of Avalonia away from Gondwana across the Lapetus Ocean relative to stationary Laurentia</p>
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The Caledonian- Appalachian Orogeny

Continuity of Caledonian/Acadian mountain belt chains in the Early Devonian (420My)

<p>Continuity of Caledonian/Acadian mountain belt chains in the Early Devonian (420My)</p>
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Collison zone between North and South of Ireland

Collision took place 400My ago - contains island arcs, seamounts, microcontinents from lapetus ocean.

Terranes

  • regional scale

  • bounded by faults

  • own geological history that is distinct from adjacent terranes

  • often form as island arcs, fragments of crust + sediments accreted to over-riding plate margin

  • note trends (NE-SW) of (most) boundaries

<p>Collision took place 400My ago - contains island arcs, seamounts, microcontinents from lapetus ocean. </p><p>Terranes</p><ul><li><p>regional scale </p></li><li><p>bounded by faults</p></li><li><p>own geological history that is distinct from adjacent terranes </p></li><li><p>often form as island arcs, fragments of crust + sediments accreted to over-riding plate margin </p></li><li><p>note trends (NE-SW) of (most) boundaries</p></li></ul><p></p>
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The geological map of Britain and Ireland

The lines are indication of terrains around these two countries.

<p>The lines are indication of terrains around these two countries.</p>
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Palaeomagnetism

orientation of the magnetic field can be retained in rocks in any form.

<p>orientation of the magnetic field can be retained in rocks in any form. </p>
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Igenous rocks

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Thermo-remanent magnetization

magnetic minerals become aligned in igneous rocks as they cool

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Sedimentary rocks

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Depositional remanent magnetization

Detrital magentic minerals settle out during deposition symapthetic to the orientation of the magnetic field.

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Faunal Provincialism

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Ecology of marine

  • benthic = living on or within floor of sediment column

  • pelagic = water not at/cloose to floow of sediment body, nor its margins (e.g. shore)

  • planktonic = drift or swim weakly

  • nektonic = free-swrimming in water column

  • epifaunal = living on surface of sediment column

<ul><li><p>benthic = living on or within floor of sediment column</p></li><li><p>pelagic = water not at/cloose to floow of sediment body, nor its margins (e.g. shore)</p></li><li><p>planktonic = drift or swim weakly</p></li><li><p>nektonic = free-swrimming in water column</p></li><li><p>epifaunal = living on surface of sediment column</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Trilobites

Marine arthropods (Phylum arthropoda)

Shed exoskeleton

Extincy

Cambrian to Permian

<p>Marine arthropods (Phylum arthropoda)</p><p>Shed exoskeleton</p><p>Extincy</p><p>Cambrian to Permian</p>
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16
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Graptolites

Phylum Hemichordata

Colonila, marine, invertebrates

M. Cambrian - U. Carboniferous

Organic outer protective layer (periderm)

<p>Phylum Hemichordata</p><p>Colonila, marine, invertebrates</p><p>M. Cambrian - U. Carboniferous</p><p>Organic outer protective layer (periderm)</p><p></p>
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Early Ordovician pelagic trilobites - strong latiduinal control

  • Cyclopygid trilobites: High southerly (palaeo) latitudes - enlarged eyes with wide angle of view, both horizontal and vertical

  • Opipeuter: Low latitudes - note visual adaption for nektonic lifestyle

<ul><li><p>Cyclopygid trilobites: High southerly (palaeo) latitudes - enlarged eyes with wide angle of view, both horizontal and vertical</p></li><li><p>Opipeuter: Low latitudes - note visual adaption for nektonic lifestyle</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Late Ordovician trilobites

Weak to no latitudinal control, perhaps west-east variation in faunas

Perhaps controlled by dispersal or larvae by ocean currents

Avalonia + Baltica - considerable overlap

<p>Weak to no latitudinal control, perhaps west-east variation in faunas </p><p>Perhaps controlled by dispersal or larvae by ocean currents </p><p>Avalonia + Baltica - considerable overlap</p>
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<p>Accretionary wedge</p>

Accretionary wedge

deep marine sediments

greywackes (muddy sandstones)

  • deposited as event beds from turbidity currents

associated with black shales and cherts (open oceanic sediments)

  • orogneic events during closure of lapetus collectively the caledonian orogeny

  • accretionary wedge is developed to the north of suture.

<p>deep marine sediments</p><p>greywackes (muddy sandstones)</p><ul><li><p>deposited as event beds from turbidity currents</p></li></ul><p>associated with black shales and cherts (open oceanic sediments)</p><ul><li><p>orogneic events during closure of lapetus collectively the caledonian orogeny</p></li><li><p>accretionary wedge is developed to the north of suture. </p></li></ul><p></p>