TEST 3 pt. 4

things that are not here are in chapter 13 knowt

Dermatome

innervates skin

Motor unit

an alpha motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates

Motor unit

all muscles in this fire together

Cerebellum

adjusts posture and coordinates smooth movements

Cerebellum

has no direct connection to LMN

Cerebellum

does not directly influent muscle activity

anterior, posterior, flocculonodular

cerebellar lobes (3)

midline vermis, paravermis, lateral hemisphere

cerebellar regions (3)

vestibulocerebellum

vestibular system

vestibulocerebellum

regulates equilibrium

spinocerebellum

gross limb movements

spinocerebellum

connections with spinal cord

cerebrocerebellum

connections with cerebral cortex

spinocerebellum

precise, distal voluntary movements

caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra

Parts of basal ganglia (5)

lentiform nucleus

globus pallidus and putamen together

striatum

caudate and putamen together

basal ganglia

conisists of nuclei

goal-directed behavior, social behavior, emotion/motivation

three basal ganglia circuits

Blood supply to spinal cord 

ASIA (American spinal injury association)

created standardized assessment for evaluating level f spinal cord injury

Trophic changes

happens when nerve supply is interrupted

Trophic changes

S/S: muscle atrophy, shiny skin, brittle nail, thickening of cutaneous tissue, ulceration of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, poor wound healing, infections, joint damage

lack of movement

the S/S of Trophic changes are secondary to this

Neuromuscular junction 

where motor axons synapse with muscle fibers

Neuromuscular junction 

where ACh is released and

synaptic cleft

ACh crosses this when it is released

peripheral sensory changes 

hyperalgesia, dysthesia, paresthesia, allodynia

hyperalgesia, dysthesia, paresthesia, allodynia

peripheral sensory changes 

peripheral autonomic changes

is only observed if the nerve is completly severed

peripheral autonomic changes

difficulty regulating blood pressure, HR,sweating, bowel and bladder functions

peripheral motor changes

paresis, paralysis, muscle atrophy, fibrilation