5.3 - Explaining the Classifying Psychological Disorders

Psychopathology

The study of mental disorders.

Psychological Disorder

A condition that affects thinking, feeling, or behavior in a harmful way

Dysfunction

When thoughts or behavior stop someone from living normally.

Deviation

Acting very differently from what’s considered normal.

Maladaptive

Unhealthy behavior that makes life harder instead of better.

Stigma

Negative judgment or shame about mental illness.

DSM-5

A book used by doctors to diagnose mental disorders.

ICD-11

A global guide for all diseases, including mental ones.

Behavioral Perspective

Focuses on how we learn behaviors through rewards and punishments.

Psychodynamic Perspective

Says behavior comes from unconscious thoughts and past experiences.

Humanistic Perspective

Believes people try to grow, be their best, and need love and support.

Cognitive Perspective

Focuses on how we think and interpret the world.

Evolutionary Perspective

Says behavior comes from traits that helped us survive.

Sociocultural Perspective

Looks at how culture, family, and society shape us.

Biological Perspective

Focuses on the brain, genes, and body’s role in behavior.

Biopsychosocial Model

Says mental health is affected by biology, mind, and social life all together.

Diathesis-Stress Model

Mental illness happens when a person with a risk (diathesis) faces stress.

Diathesis

A person’s built-in risk for a disorder (like genes).

Protective Factors

Good things (like support or coping skills) that reduce the risk of mental illness.