Studied by 1 person
Contains: Chapter 44, Chapter 45, and Chapter 47
Ecology
The study of organisms and how they interact with the environment around them.
What are abiotic factors?
The nonliving part of the ecosystem
What are biotic factors?
The living part of the ecosystem
List the levels of organization from smallest to greatest
Organisms → Populations → Communities → Ecosystems → The Biosphere
Organismal Ecology
Study adaptations that enable individuals to live in specific habitats. These adaptations can be morphological, physiological, and behavioral.
Population Ecology
Focus on the number of individuals in an area and how and why population size changes.
Community Ecology
Study the processes driving interactions between species, as well as their consequences.
Ecosystem Ecology
Study the storage and movement of nutrients and energy among organisms and the surrounding atmosphere, soil, and water.
Biosphere
all of the parts of Earth inhabited by life
What is the difference of community biology and population biology
Population biology is one type of organisms while community includes multiple types of organisms.
What is the biome?
Temperature: Day: Hot!! Night: Cold
Precipitation: Low precipitation
Plants: Xerophytes
Desert
What is the biome?
Temperature: Warm
Precipitation: Seasonal droughts
Plants: Mainlly grasses and spars trees
Grass lands
What is the biome?
Temperature: Moderate
Precipitation: Rainy winters and dry summers
Plants: Dry wood shrubs regrow quickly
Shrubland/chaparral
What is the biome?
Temperature: Cold
Precipitation: A small amount of precipitation
Plants: Coniferous trees
Coniferous forest (Tiga)
What is the biome?
Temperature: Hot
Precipitation: A lot!
Plants: Epipyltes, tall trees, and undergrowth
Tropical Rainforest
What is the biome?
Temperature: Freezing
Precipitation: Little precipitation
Plants: Small, close to the ground
Tundra
What is the biome?
Salinity: High
Diversity: Very high
Coral reef
Climate
refers to the long-term, predictable atmospheric conditions of a specific area.
Weather
refers to the conditions of the atmosphere during a short period of time.
Milankovitch cycles
the effects of slight changes in the Earth’s orbit on Earth’s climate
Solar intensity
the amount of solar power or energy the sun emits in a given amount of time
Haze-effect cooling
a global phenomenon that occurs when dust, ash, or other suspended particles block out sunlight and trigger lower global temperatures as a result
Greenhouse gases
trap the heat in the atmosphere
What organism is an example of type 1 survival ship curve?
Humans
What organism is an example of type 2 survival ship curve?
Birds
What organism is an example of type 3 survival ship curve?
Fish
Census
Count all members of the population
Quadrat
Sectioning off a section of the area and counting the organism (For immobile organisms such as plants)
Mark and recapture
Individuals are is captured, counted, and marked. Then they are released back into the population.
Transect
A-line, laid on the forest floor, that is used to make sure the points or plots are distributed evenly throughout the forest stand.
R-selected
produce large numbers of offspring at a time with a low amount of parental care
K-selected
produce small numbers of offspring at a time with a high amount of parental care
Life tables
A divide the population into age groups and often sexes and show how long a member of that group is likely to live
Density-dependent factors
Factors that determine a population size that depend on the density of the population. (ex. disease)
Density- independent Factors
any force that affects the size of a population of living things regardless of the density of the population (ex. food)
Commensal relationship
one species benefits, while the other neither benefits nor is harmed.
Mutualism
two species benefit from their interaction.
Parasitism
one organism that lives in or on another living organism and derives nutrients from it; the parasite benefits, but the host is harmed.
Mass extinction
a widespread and rapid decrease in the biodiversity on Earth.
Keystone species
Species hold together the complex web of relationships in an ecosystem (ex. otters)
Four Types of Ecosystem Services
provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services
What is an example of a provisioning service?
Food, water, and fuel
What is an example of a regulating service?
Climate, air quality, and pollination
What is an example of a supporting service?
Nurturance cycling, soil formation, and photosynthesis.
What is an example of a cultural service?
Ethical values, recreational, ecotourism.
What are some examples of threats to biodiversity?
habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, invasive species, and climate change
Note 
Flashcard (48)