Exam cluster 2 (Ch 4, 5, 6)

Anatomy 231

What are the two divisions of the skeleton?

Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

What does the axial skeleton include?

Skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

What does the appendicular skeleton include?

Pectoral girdles, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs

What is the function of the axial skeleton?

Supports and protects the brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs

What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?

Movement and attachment of the limbs

What does superior mean?

Toward the head; up

What does inferior mean?

Toward the feet; down

What does anterior mean?

Toward the front

What does posterior mean?

Towards the back

What does medial mean?

Towards the midline of the body

What does lateral mean?

Away from the midline of the body

What does proximal mean?

Towards the trunk of the body

What does distal mean?

Away from the trunk of the body

What are the three main layers of the skin?

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

What are the five layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

What is a mnemonic for the layers of the epidermis from superfical to deep?

Come, lets get sun burnt!

Which epidermis layer is deepest?

Stratum basale

Which epidermis later is most superficial?

Stratum corneum

Which layer is only found in thick skin?

Stratum lucidum

Which skin layer contains blood vessels?

The dermis

Which skin layer is avascular?

The epidermis

Which skin layer contains fat?

The hypodermis

Which skin layer contains hair follicles?

Dermis

What is the function of the epidermis?

Protection

What is the function of the dermis?

Strength, sensation, nourishment, and contains glands

What is the function of the hypodermis?

Insulation, cushioning, fat storage, anchors skin

Which receptor detects light touch?

Meissner corpuscle

Which receptor detects deep pressure and vibration?

Pacinian corpuscle

Which vertebra is the atlas?

C1

Which vertebra is the axis?

C2

Which vertebra supports the skull?

Atlas

Which vertebra has the dens?

Axis

What is the function of the dens?

It acts as a pivot, allowing the head to rotate

What are carpals?

The wrist bones

What are metacarpals?

The palm bones

What are phalanges?

The finger and toe bones

What are tarsals

The ankle bones

What are metatarsals?

The bones between the tarsals and the toe bones.

How many regions of the vertebral column are there?

5

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

7

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

12

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

5

How many fused vertebrae make up the sacrum?

5

How many fused vertebrae usually make up the coccyx?

4

How many pairs of the ribs are there?

12 pairs

How many pairs are true ribs?

7

how many pairs are false ribs?

5

How many ribs are floating ribs?

2

What is another name for the breastbone?

Sternum

What is another name for the tailbone?

The coccyx

What is another name for the hip bone?

Os coxae

Which bone forms the forehead?

The frontal bone

Which bone forms the top and sides of the skull?

parietal bones

Which bone forms the back of the skull?

Occipital bone

Which bones contain the ear canal?

Temporal bones

Which bone forms the upper jaw?

Maxilla

Which bone forms the lower jaw?

Mandible

Which bones form the cheekbones?

Zygomatic

What bone is indicated by the yellow?

Frontal

What bone is indicated by the teal?

zygomatic

What bone is indicated by the brighter orange?

parietal

What bone is indicated by the pink?

Mandible

What bone is indicated by the lighter orange?

Maxilla

What bone is indicated by the blue?

Occipital

What bone is indicated by the green?

Temporal

What bone is indicated by the purple?

Sphenoid

What bone is indicated by the purple?

Nasal Bone

What bone is indicated by the red?

Lacrimal

What bone is indicated by the white? (#16)

Ethmoid

What bone is indicated by #1?

Ethmoid

What bone is indicated by #2?

Vomer

What bone is indicated by #3?

Middle nasal concha

What bone is indicated by #4?

inferior nasal concha

What part is indicated by #1?

Spinous process

What part is indicated by #2?

Transverse process

What part is indicated by #3?

Transverse costal surface

What part is indicated by #4?

Superior vertebral notch

What part is indicated by #5?

Vertebral foramen

What part is indicated by #6?

Vertebral body

What part is indicated by #7?

Superior costal surface

What part is indicated by #8?

Inferior costal surface

What part is indicated by #9?

Pedicle

What part is indicated by #10?

Superior articular service

What part is indicated by #11?

Lamina

What vertebra does the red label?

Atlas

What vertebra does the orange label?

Axis

What part does #1 Label?

Superior articular facet

What part does #2 Label?

Odontoid process

What part does #3 Label?

Anterior arch

What part does #4 Label?

Transverse ligament

What part does #5 Label?

Groove for vertebral artery

What number indicates the odontoid process?

1

Which number indicates the Bifid spinous process?

4

What number indicates the superior articular facet?

2

Which number indicates the transverse foramen?

3

Which number indicates the spine?

6

Which number indicates the acromion?

3

Which number indicates the coracoid process

2

Which number indicates the infraspinous fossa?

7

Which number indicates the supraspinous fossa?

1