Ch 25 Eukaryotes

What are the three domains of life?

Bacteria, Archae, and Eukarya

What differs between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

What benefits does the dynamic membrane (which allows for shape changes) afford Eukaryotes?

allows eukaryotic cells to change shape, enhancing their ability to adapt to different environments and interact with other cells.

What are the costs and benefits of sexual reproduction compared to asexual reproduction?

Sexual reproduction introduces genetic diversity through the combination of genes from two parents; however, it requires more energy and time compared to asexual reproduction

What increases genetic variation in sexual reproduction?

Genetic recombination

Are gametes/spores haploid or diploid?

haploid

What process produces gametes/spores?

meiosis

After fusion of gametes (fertilization), is an organism in a diploid or haploid phase?

diploid phase

For plants and animals, which has multicellular life stages, and what process allows for growth?

Plants have multicellular life stages, and they grow through mitosis.

For eukaryotes, is there always a dominant haploid phase, a dominant diploid phase, or does it differ depending on the type of organism?

It differs depending on the type of organism

What is endosymbiosis? How does it relate to the evolutionary origins of eukaryotes?

The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once independent prokaryotes and then engulfed each other to form eukaryotic cells

Are eukaryotes more closely related to archaea or bacteria?

archaea

What is a protist? What is the name of the eukaryotic group that includes the animals, fungi, and choanoflagellates?

a diverse group of mostly unicellular eukaryotic organisms that are not classified as animals, plants, or fungi. The eukaryotic group is called Opisthokonts.

What are choanoflagellates?

Single-celled eukaryotes are considered the closest living relatives of animals and are characterized by their microvilli and flagella.

What is the name of the eukaryotic group that includes the green algae and the land plants?

virdiplantae