Unit 4 Chemistry- Solubility rules, gases that form, weak electrolytes, driving forces, ion colors

strong oxidizers and strong reducers are given

Always Soluble (solubility rules)

• Always Soluble: alkali (group 1) metals are all soluble except H

• Always Soluble: NH4+ (ammonium), NO3-(nitrate), ClO3-(chlorate), C2H3O2- (acetate) (SNAPAC) (SNAP BACK)

Generally Soluble (solubility rules)

• Cl-, Br-, I-, except in Ag+, Pb+2, Hg2+2, (APH)(122) chem basic intro execpt advanced physical cHemistry

• F- soluble except in Ca+2, Sr+2, Ba+2, Pb+2, Mg+2 (CBSPM) (22222) F (except) classmate study buddy PM (at2)

• SO4-2 soluble except in Ca+2, Sr+2, Ba+2, Pb+2 (CBS/PBS) Shabby execpt positive community building spot

• all beginnings are neg

Generally Insoluble (solubility rules)

• O-2, OH- insoluble except in alkali metals and Ca+2, Sr+2, Ba+2 (CBS), NH4- (classmate study buddy)

• CO3-2, PO4-3, S-2, SO3-2, C2O4-2, CrO4-2 insoluble except in alkali metals and NH4+

• soluble only NH4+ and alkali metals

Gases that form in depcomp H2CO3→

CO2 + H20

Gases that form depcomp H2SO3→

SO2 + H20

gases that form HNO2→

NO + NO2 + H20

gases that form depcomp NH4OH→

NH3 + H20

Weak Electrolytes (weak acids)

• HF and HC2H3O2 super weak

• Memorize 8 strong acids= HCl (hydrochloric acid), HBr (hydrobromic acid), HI (hydroiodic acid), HClO4 (perchloric acid), HNO3 (nitric acid), HIO4 (periodic acid), H2SO4 (sulfuric acid), HClO3 (chloric acid)

• Happy Harry Has Never Painted Purple Spotted Cats

Diving forces for Double replacement (indicators)

• insoluble solid (precipitate)

• weak electrolytes (weak acid or H20)

• gas formation

percent yield

actual/theoretical (I find) x 100

Solubility rules (SNAPA/SNAPE) All soluble in water

sodium, nitrate, ammonium, potassium, acetate/ethanoate

Common Redox Process: metal oxide + CO →

CO2 + metal

dilute nitric acid (NO3 turns metals into ions)

HNO3+Cu→ NO + Cu+2

concentrated nitric acid (NO3 turns metals into ions)

HNO3 + Cu→ NO2 + Cu+2

chromate CrO4-2

yellow

• comet = yellow

cupric Cu+2

blue

• aquatIC cup

cuprous Cu+

green

• curious = go outside = touch grass

dichromate Cr2O7-2

orange

• die blood turns orange

ferric Fe+3

yellow
- erics likes yellow

ferrous Fe+2

green

• ferris wheels are outside = on grass = green

nickel Ni+2

green

• jewerly turns ur hands green

permanganate MnO4-1

purple

• romaaan