Exam 2 - Dr. Pruett

What are the three main components of one health?

human health, animal health, and environmental protection

What are the 5 components of one health?

human health, animal health, environmental protection, food safety, and international trade

What organizations regulate human health?

NIH and CDC

What organizations regulate food safety?

USDA and FDA

What organization regulates animal health?

USDA

What organization regulates environmental protection?

EPA

What organization regulates international trade?

USDA

What parts of one health does the USDA regulate?

animal health, food safety, and international trade

What are the factors that contribute to the spread of zoonotic diseases in humans?

habitat loss, increase in human population and close association of humans and animals

What happens to a virus such as avian influenza that infects a pig?

reassortment

What diagnostic test was developed for SARS-CoV-1?

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

What type of vaccine were produced for the preventions of SARS-CoV-1?

mRNA

Where does Ebola spillover to humans originate from?

bats

What outbreak has had the second largest outbreak on record as of June 22?

Ebola

What has the CDC and homeland security implemented to prevent ebola from entering the USA?

travel screening, entry restrictions, and public health measures

What species carries ebola as just a light cold?

bats

What are the 6 most common zoonotic diseases in the US?

lyme disease, west nile virus, rabies, giardiasis, and tick-borne rickettsial disease

What are some examples of tick-borne rickettsial diseases?

rocky mountain spotted fever, anaplasmosis, and ehrlichiosis

What are 3 other instructive zoonotic infections in the US?

COVID-19, influenza, and HIV

Helpful or harmful medical approach: base treatments on one’s experience

harmful

Helpful or harmful medical approach: rely on anecdotal observations in the clinic

harmful

Helpful or harmful medical approach: use logic and reason without relying on rigorously collected data

harmful

Helpful or harmful medical approach: Use treatments that are most popular among veterinarians and have a long history of use

harmful

Helpful or harmful medical approach: Evidence-pacted practices

helpful

What is wrong with using anecdotal observations in clinical experience?

Many accepted drugs and treatments have not been formally tested

What is the most effective medical research approach?

double-blind

What are 6 important elements of double-blind clinical trials?

random, blind reader, high number of animals, both genders, make control resonable, and pick statistical analysis BEFORE the study

T/F Uncertainty should be quantified and published

TRUE

T/F If you use any model systems, you should make them avaiable to other scientists

TRUE

What type of research is to understand how living systems work and are affected by genetic and environmental influences?

Basic-purpose

What type of research is usually to address a specific clinical or epidemiological question?

Applied purpose

What type of research uses controlling conditions to determine how particular molecules, genes, etc influence an outcome?

Experimental-manipulating

What type of research is based on observations of various variables or categories to assess their influence on outcome?

Observational-generally