Indigenous Peace Education in the Philippines

This set covers vocabulary related to Indigenous peace education, definitions of peace and conflict, and the specific cultural characteristics and peacebuilding practices of major indigenous groups in the Philippines.

Peace Education

The process of teaching knowledge, values, attitudes, and skills necessary to build peaceful relationships and create a society based on justice, equality, and respect.

Negative Peace

The absence of direct violence or war, even though issues like discrimination, poverty, or injustice may still exist.

Positive Peace

A state that goes beyond the absence of violence to include justice, equality, respect for human rights, and equal opportunities for everyone.

Conflict

A disagreement or struggle between individuals or groups arising from differences in beliefs, interests, values, resources, or goals.

Interpersonal Conflict

Conflict occurring between individuals due to misunderstandings, personality differences, or competing interests.

Cultural Conflict

Conflict that occurs when different beliefs, customs, traditions, or identities clash.

Structural Conflict

Conflict resulting from unequal social, political, or economic systems, such as land grabbing or political marginalization.

Reconciliation

The process of rebuilding trust and restoring relationships after conflict, involving healing emotional wounds and acknowledging past mistakes.

Cultural Sensitivity

Respecting and appreciating cultural differences.

Social Justice

Fair treatment and equal opportunities for all people.

Human Rights

Fundamental rights and freedoms belonging to every individual.

Cultural Preservation

Protecting and maintaining cultural traditions, languages, and heritage.

Active Citizenship

Responsible participation in community and national affairs.

Indigenous Peoples

Communities that have continuously lived in a particular area long before colonization and possess distinct social, cultural, and political institutions.

Ancestral Domain

Lands and natural resources that Indigenous Peoples have traditionally occupied and cared for over generations.

Lumad

A collective term for the non-Muslim Indigenous Peoples of Mindanao; the word comes from a Cebuano term meaning "native" or "born of the land."

Ulahingan

A famous Lumad epic that teaches bravery, wisdom, respect, and responsibility.

Babaylan

A spiritual leader, healer, and ritual specialist who serves as an adviser in many indigenous communities.

Timuay / Datu

Traditional leaders who settle disputes, protect customary laws, and guide community decisions based on wisdom and integrity.

Igorot

Indigenous peoples living in the mountainous Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) in Northern Luzon.

Bodong

A traditional peace agreement or pact between Igorot tribes aimed at preventing violence and settling disputes peacefully.

Mangyan

Indigenous peoples who inhabit Mindoro Island and consist of several distinct ethnolinguistic groups.

Hanunuo Script

A surviving pre-colonial writing system used by the Mangyan to preserve poetry, history, and traditional knowledge.

Ambahan

A traditional Mangyan poetic form consisting of rhythmic verses often written on bamboo.

Aeta

Among the earliest inhabitants of the Philippines, known for their historically hunter-gatherer heritage and deep ecological knowledge.

Animism

The belief that spirits inhabit elements of nature such as mountains, rivers, and trees.

Manobo

One of the largest indigenous groups in Mindanao, known for their agricultural traditions, rituals, and rich oral literature.

Tausug

Indigenous group of the Sulu Archipelago whose name means "people of the current," known for their maritime culture and Islamic traditions.

Pis Syabit

A traditional Tausug woven cloth recognized for its intricate geometric designs.

Maritime Culture

A way of life centered on the sea, including fishing, boat building, navigation, and sea trade.

Oral Traditions

Knowledge, history, and values passed verbally from one generation to another through folktales, myths, chants, and storytelling.

Rituals

Symbolic actions performed according to traditional beliefs to express gratitude, seek blessings, or restore harmony.

T'nalak Cloth

A traditional textile produced by the T'boli people using specialized weaving techniques.