VCE - HHD Unit 2 Exam

Human lifespan

Human lifespan

The period of time that starts at fertilization and ends at death.

Prenatal

The stage of development that occurs from fertilization to birth, lasting about 38 weeks. It involves the development of organs and structures at the fastest growth rate.

Infancy

The stage of development from birth to 2 years old, characterized by rapid growth, the development of motor skills, and babbling.

Early childhood

The stage of development from 3 to 6 years old, during which children learn social skills, make friends, and interact with others. It is a period of slow and steady growth and the development of motor skills and toilet training.

Late childhood

The stage of development from 6 to 12 years old, characterized by slow and steady growth, the refinement of reading and writing skills, the development of long-term memory, and the improvement of motor skills.

Youth

The stage of development from 12 to 18 years old, marked by rapid growth, increased concentration, puberty, complex relationships, independence, and sexual maturity.

Early adulthood

The stage of development from 18 to 40 years old, during which individuals reach their physical peak, focus on maintenance and repair rather than growth, establish careers, and start families.

Middle adulthood

The stage of development from 40 to 65 years old, characterized by physical signs of aging, menopause, further development of identity and beliefs, and the maintenance of physical and mental health.

Late adulthood

The stage of development from 65 years old until death, involving illness, aging, grief from losing friends and family, reflection on life, and dependence on others for help.

Physical development

The changes that occur to the body and its systems, including growth, changes to body systems, development of primary and secondary sex characteristics, and the development of motor skills.

Social development

The increasing complexity of behavior patterns used in relationships with other people, including behaviors, table manners, social roles and expectations, relationship skills, conflict resolution, open communication, and communication skills.

Emotional development

The experience of the full range of emotions, increasing complexity in the expression of emotions, the development of a self-concept, and resilience.

Intellectual development

The increase in complexity of processes in the brain, such as thought, knowledge, and memory, including language, thought patterns, problem-solving, attention, creativity, and imagination.

Respect

Consideration of other's feelings, opinions, rights, and needs.

Trust

Feeling of having confidence in another person and feeling emotionally and physically safe around them.

Honesty

Choosing not to lie, deceive, or cheat; being honest.

Loyalty

The quality of being faithful to others, sticking by each other, and providing support.

Empathy

The ability to understand and share the feelings of another person.

Equality

Being equal, where all people in the relationship are valued and have the same expectations.

Safety

The state of being free from danger, either physically or emotionally.

Communication

The process that allows people to share their interests, aspirations, concerns, expectations, and provide support.

Unhealthy relationships

Relationships characterized by feeling uncomfortable, being put down, not feeling appreciated or valued, feeling that the relationship is unequal, being embarrassed, bullied, or harassed, feeling scared, vulnerable, constantly disappointed, or angry.

Warning signs of unhealthy relationships

Dependence, violence, control, disrespect, harassment, dishonesty, intimidation, hostility.

Relationships

Connections between two or more people or groups of people, including family, professional, online, intimate, friendships, teachers, coaches, and mentors.

Parenting

The process of promoting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development and health and wellbeing of a child.

Social support for parents

Practical assistance, money, contact with extended family, parenting classes, health nurses, emotional support, maternal health groups, parent groups, advice, encouragement, friends.

Germinal stage

The stage of prenatal development from 0 to 2 weeks, characterized by cell division, implantation of the blastocyst into the endometrium, and the formation of the placenta.

Embryonic stage

The stage of prenatal development from 3 to 8 weeks, during which implantation is complete, the brain and spine start to develop, and the heart begins to beat.

Fetal stage

The stage of prenatal development from 9 to 38 weeks, when all the body's organs are formed, the sex of the fetus can be seen, and the eyes and lungs are developed.

Risk factors

Factors that increase the likelihood of negative outcomes, such as smoking, low birth weight, alcohol consumption, undernourishment, maternal undernutrition,

Maternal and Child Health Services

Services that support the social health and wellbeing of the community, providing events and groups for parents and children to interact and improve communication.

Sports or recreational clubs

Clubs and associations that promote physical activity and social interaction, enhancing social and emotional health and wellbeing.

Places of worship

Locations where individuals can find purpose, meaning, and spiritual health and wellbeing through shared beliefs and values.

Volunteer organizations

Organizations like St John Ambulance Australia that provide healthcare services and promote all dimensions of health and wellbeing for volunteers.

Australian Charter of Healthcare rights

A set of rights that ensure individuals have access to healthcare and receive safe, respectful, and participatory care.

Geographic location

The location of health services can affect access, with rural areas often having fewer services and longer travel distances.

Socioeconomic status

Income, occupation, and education can impact access to healthcare due to costs, time off work, and health literacy.

Health literacy

The ability to obtain, process, and understand health information and services, including navigating healthcare systems and making informed decisions.

Cultural factors

Cultural practices, beliefs, and language can be barriers to accessing healthcare, requiring acknowledgement and acceptance from healthcare providers.

Gender

Men may face challenges accessing healthcare due to limited opening hours, discomfort discussing sensitive issues, and societal norms.

Digital media

Technologies like virtual reality, telemedicine, and health apps provide opportunities to improve access to healthcare and enhance health and wellbeing.

Ethics

Moral principles that govern a person's behavior or decisions.

Equity of Access

Ensuring that all people have equal access to medical procedures and technologies.

Privacy

The protection of personal details and information between a patient and their doctor.

Invasiveness

The degree to which a medical procedure requires incision or insertion of an instrument.

Freedom of Choice

The right for individuals to make their own decisions as long as they do not infringe on others' rights.

Health Complaints Commissioner (HCC)

An independent organization that receives and resolves complaints about health service providers.

Manage safety concerns

The role of the HCC in addressing complaints related to access, quality, safety, care, respect, communication, and privacy in healthcare.

Registered health practitioners

Medical professionals who are licensed and registered to practice, such as doctors, dentists, nurses, etc.

Non-registered health practitioners

Health professionals who are not licensed or registered, such as naturopaths, dietitians, masseurs, etc.

Early resolution

The least formal and quickest way to resolve complaints, often through phone discussions and finding acceptable solutions.

Formal resolution

A documented process that involves steps towards finding an acceptable solution, including formal descriptions of the complaint and resolution plans.

Investigation

A formal and detailed examination used for handling complex matters, which may result in public warnings for serious risks to health and safety.