Ap Human Geo Vocab-- Unit 3

accent

The way people speak and how words are pronounced are different in different parts of the world. 

acculturation

The adoption of cultural traits, such as languages. 

Anatolian Hypothesis

Speakers of proto-indo european lived in anatolia during the neolithic era. 

animism

Belief that objects or natural events have discrete spirit and life. 

artifact

An artifact that is made by humans that represents culture. 

assimilation

People lose originating differentiating traits when they go to another culture/ place.

autonomous religion

A religion that doesn’t have central authority but shares ideas and cooperates. 

boundaries

Invisible line that marks the states territories 

Branch (of a religion)

Large fundamental division within a religion.

built environment

The tangible items that are built by humans. 

core-domain-sphere model

Model that shows culture traits that characterize the region is greatest. 

cosmogony

Religious beliefs concerning the universe 

creole

Languages formed by the combination of 2 or more languages.

cultural convergence

Culture becomes similar in ways such as structure, technology and values. 

cultural ecology

The study of human adaptations to social and physical environments. 

cultural landscape

Attributes of an area to describe a place. 

cultural perception

People of different cultures will definitely observe and interpret their environment and make different decisions about its nature, potentiality and use.

culture complex

Group of traits that define a culture. 

culture hearth

Place of origin with widespread cultural trend 

culture realm

Regin where traits maintain homogeneity. 

culture region

Functional region within common cultural characteristics 

culture trait

Specific customs that are a part of everyday culture. 

custom

Frequent repetition of an act of a group 

denomination

Division of a branch unifies a number of congregations in a single legal body. 

dialect

Regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary spelling and pronunciation. 

diocese

Unit of organization in the roman catholic church. 

environmental determinism

Philosophy of geography that stated human behaviors are a result of the surrounding environment. 

ethnic religion

Relate closely to the culture ethnic heritage and physical geography of a particular place.

extinct language

Once used by people in daily activities but no longer used.

folk culture (folkways)

Particular customs of a small group of people that make the group unique.

fundamentalism

Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion. 

ghetto

Area of a city where people in ethnic minority are confined by government and economic and social obstacles that make it hard to ethnically exist outside of the place. 

globalization

Increasing connection of economic, cultural and political characteristics around the world. 

glocalization

Process which human culture spreads internationally while reinforcing certain local culture. 

habit

Repetitive act performed by one person. 

hierarchical religion

Religion which central authority exercises high degree of control

ideogram

System of writing used in china or other east asian countries where each symbol represents an idea or concept rather than a sound. 

Indo-European

Language family that has all European languages in it. 

inhumation

Act of human burial 

interfaith and intrafaith

Interfaith- boundaries between worlds major faiths. 

Intrafaith- boundaries within major religions.

isogloss

Boundary line between two distinct linguistic regions.

isolated language

Language that is unrelated to any other language but doesn’t belong to any language family. 

Kurgan Hypothesis

Initial spread of proto-indo european during 5th and 4th millennia BC. 

language

Way of human communication with others like them. 

language branch

Lots of languages related to a common ancestor derived from the same family. 

language family

Collection of languages through common ancestors long before recorded history. 

language group

Collection of languages within a branch, recent languages 

lingua franca

Language that has simple words from multiple languages so that people can understand one another. 

literary tradition

System of written communication. 

material culture

Anything that can be physically seen on a landscape. 

mentifact

Shared ideas, values and belief in culture.

mono-, bi-, multi-linguality

Mono- speaks one language, bi speakers two languages, multi speakers several languages. Can understand people in said language and speak fluently. 

monotheism

Belief that there is only one god. 

national language

Language adopted by countries' governments conducting business and publishing of official government documents. 

nominalism

philosophical position that promotes that universal or abstract concepts do not exist in the same way as physical, tangible material.

Nostratic Hypothesis

Hypothesized family of languages to several language families of eurasia and northern africa. 

official language

Language adopted by countries' governments conducting business and publishing of official government documents. 

orthography

Method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symboles. 

pidgin

Emerges when 2 or more languages join together in a small geographic area. 

pilgrimage

Voluntary travel to a sacred site to pay respects or to participate in a ritual at the site. 

polyglot

Using several languages

polytheism

Belief in many gods

popular culture

Culture not tied to specific location but rather  a general location 

possibilism

Theory that the physical environment sets limits on human actions but can adjust to the physical environment. 

sacred space

A place that is considered holy to some people. 

sect

Small group that broke away from an established denomination. 

secularism

idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on earth

sequent occupance

Notion that societies leave their cultural imprints on an area. 

shamanism

Form of tribal religion that involved the community of a religious leader,healer, worker of magic and so on. 

slang

Short lived language used in place of standard words. 

sociofact

Organizations of a culture that has influence on social behavior. 

standard language

Language used for government business education and large group communication. 

syncretism

Blending of cultures and ideas from different places along the globe. 

syntax

How words are arranged in sentences. 

taboo

Restriction on behavior imposed by social custom. 

toponym

Word for name but specific to locations.  

trade language

Language used between native speakers to they can trade with each other. 

tribal religion

Ethnic or regional religions customs under an organized religion but unique to the tribe. 

uniform landscape

Spatial expression of a popular custom in one location that is similar to each other. 

universalizing religion

Belief that systems are attractive to the population of the world. 

vernacular

Area that people believe exist as part of cultural identity. 

vernacular region

Emerge from someone’s informal sense of place; mind map

vocabulary

Cultural landscape defined 

Zionism

Movement to unite jewish people of the group that lives in one area but want to be in the promised land