[TEST] Aerosols in Dental office: Best practices for patients and practitioner safety

COVID-19 is a disease-causing severe pneumonia in patients infected by _______________.

A. Yersinia pestis

B. SARS-CoV-1

C. SARS-CoV-2

D. BatCoV RaTG13

The main person-to-person transmission route for COVID-19 of concern in dental office is:

A. Direct transmission through respiratory airborne particles and/or aerosols

B. Direct transmission through airborne particles produced by dental procedures

C. Contact transmission after touching contaminated surfaces and then touching oral, nasal, and eye mucous membranes

D. Fecal transmission

Aerosols are defined as liquid or solid particles less than 50 micrometers in diameter. Particles of this size are small enough to stay airborne for an extended period but can only travel limited distances (less than 120 cm).

A. Both statements are true.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.

C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

D. Both statements are false.

Which of the following is NOT true about splatter droplets?

A. Splatter particles are usually a mixture of air, water, and/or solid substance and are larger than 50 μm in diameter

B. They may become suspended in air for long periods of time

C. Splatter particles follow a ballistic pattern and travel in an arc after they are emitted until they contact a surface or fall to the ground

D. They may be visible to the naked eye

The highest levels of aerosol and splatter emission has been shown to occur with the use of _______________.

A. ultrasonic scalers

B. intraoral radiograph capture

C. high speed handpiece used with a rubber dam

D. low speed handpiece

The reproduction number (R0) describes _______________.

A. the number of cases, on average, who will become infected annually

B. the percentage of cases, on average, who will be infected, but asymptomatic during the course of a disease outbreak

C. the number of cases, on average, an infectious patient will cause during their infectious period

D. the number of times a virus will replicate prior to one meaningful genetic mutation

Entry into host cells of coronaviruses is facilitated by the S-protein. In the case of both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, this entry is through binding to the _______________.

A. CD4 receptor

B. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

C. Angiotensin II receptor (ARB)

D. angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2)

.

Individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 demonstrate a median infectious period of _______ days.

A. 1 day

B. 3 days

C. 5 days

D. 10 days

The likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection is dependent upon:

A. The viral load of the infected individual

B. The size of the viral particle

C. The systemic health of the infected individual

D. The previous history of infection in the infected individual

E. Both A and C are correct

Transmission-based Precautions include all of the following categories EXCEPT:

A. Airborne

B. Droplet

C. Contact

D. Distance

The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that close contact with a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 conveys significant risk for development of COVID-19. The CDC defines “close contact” as: 1) being within approximately 6 feet (2 meters) of a patient with COVID-19 for a prolonged period of time (≥30 minutes) or 2) having direct contact with infectious secretions from a patient with COVID-19.

A. Both statements are true.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.

C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

D. Both statements are false.

The CDC recommends that healthcare workers take precautions to avoid direct contact with infectious secretions from patients who are known or possible cases of COVID-19. All of the following are considered infectious secretions, EXCEPT:

A. Sputum

B. Saliva

C. Blood

D. Sweat

Aerosol-generating dental procedures demonstrate droplets distributed up to ________ away from where they are generated.

A. 2 feet

B. 3 feet

C. 5 feet

D. 8 feet

The viricidal effects of antiseptic mouthrinses requires rinsing for at least ________ to achieve maximal effects.

A. 15 seconds

B. 30 seconds

C. 60 seconds

D. 3 minutes

The reduction of aerosols in the dental operatory is enhanced when extraoral suction devices are used in conjunction with which of the following?

A. Saliva ejector

B. A Low humidity environment

C. High-volume intraoral evacuation

D. An enclosed space