Learn: Biology 041 BYU finals part 1 | Quizlet

spontaneous generation

Hypothesis stating that life could arise from nonliving matter.

Francesco Redi tested this idea in....

1668

Louis Pasteur finally disproved the idea of....

spontaneous generation in 1859

today you have to have a good amount of _____ for it to be considered ____

proof; true

science is _____

dynamic

characteristics of a living thing

reproduce, respond to the environment, be made of cells, grow and develop, obtain and use energy

there must be enough ____ in that population to _____ the number of _____ .

reproducing individuals; replace; individuals dying

asexual reproduction

Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself

sexual reproduction

type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism

fertilization

when 2 cells combine

stimulus

when the environment changes and causes the organism to respond

homeostasis

the ability of an organism to keep its internal conditions stable

unicellular

made up of one cell

multicellular

made up of more than one cell

_______ invented the microscope

Antony Van Leeuwenhoek

development of a cell

cells divide ands are specialized by the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in their nuclei

metabolism

obtaining and use of energy

steps of the scientific method

collect info. and make observations, form a hypothesis, conduct an experiment, retest and conduct an experiment, identify law or theory

hypothesis

an educated guess

experiment

test the validity of your hypothesis

sample

small section taken from a large population

control

sample that differs from your experiment sample; only one thing different

Quantative data

numerical data

qualitative data

non-numerical data

Theory is used more than law . (true or false)

true

How is a eukaryotic cell different from a prokaryotic cell?

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus while prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.

What organelle in plant cells make it possible for plant cells to be autotrophic?

chloroplasts

What is the process called when molecules must join with another molecule, such as a protein, to get through a membrane?

facilitated diffusion

Mitochondria convert

Glucose and ATP

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of anorexia?

increasing glycogen storage

If a cell were compared to the human body, the nucleus would be which part?

the brain

What statement is true about unicellular organisms?

Unicellular organisms have organelles.

What does the cell theory state?

All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of living things, and all cells come from other cells.

If you compare the cell to a factory, what organelle would be the janitor?

lysosome

The function of the plasma membrane(cell membrane) is

to regulate what goes into and out of the cell

In which cell structure are cristae found?

mitochondria

The function of proteins in the plasma membrane is most similar to which of the following?

a gate in a fence

cell wall

not in animal cells; very porous; to provide structural support

nucleus

Control center of the cell

DNA

organized into string-like structures called chromosomes

there are ____ chromosomes in the nucleus of each cells

46

nucleolus

Makes ribosomes

cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell

chloroplasts

Capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell

ribosomes

Makes proteins

endoplasmic reticulum

A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.

Golgi apparatus

A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell

lysosome

An organelle containing digestive enzymes

vacuoles

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

cytoskeleton

A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement

flagella

whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement

cilia

Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion

Animal cells do not contain

chloroplasts and cell walls

heterotrophic

Organisms that obtain their nutrients or food from consuming other organisms.

autotrophic

make their own food

Eukaryotic

Has a nucleus

Prokaryotic

No nucleus

permeable

Able to be passed or soaked through

impermeable

not permitting passage

diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

active transport

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

deyhdration synthesis

the production of a substance through union as result of less water

hydrolysis

breaking with water

carbohydrates

the starches and sugars present in foods

Polysaccharides

many sugars

glycogen

a polysaccharide and is composed of many glucose molecules hooked together through the process of dehydration synthesis

Phospholipids

a lipid consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.

triglycerides

type of fats that are stored in our bodies when we take in too many calories

arteriosclerosis

occurs when the blood vessels become hardened due to build up of fats on their inner walls

monounsaturated

one double bond

polyunsaturated

more than one double bond

proteins

amino acids

hemoglabin

a chemical found in red blood cells that allow it to transport oxygen

all amino acids have the same basic structures except for the side group represented by R, which is different for each amino acid (true or false)

true

ASP

amino acid aspartae

GLU

glutamic acid

Photosynthesis

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.

Jan van Helmont

concluded that trees gain most of their mass from water

John Woodward

concluded that most water added to plant was exhaled through pores in the leaves (stomata)

Jospeh Priestly

He solidified that light was necessary for plants to produce oxygen.

Jan Ingenhousz

discovered that plants need sunlight to produce oxygen

What happens to water during photosynthesis?

it splits

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

H2O + CO2 -> C6H12O6 + O2

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide + water -> carbohydrates + oxygen

Photosynthesis occurs in which organelle?

Chloroplast

What is the function of vascular tissues in plants?

to transport chemicals and water throughout the plant

In photosynthesis, water and carbon dioxide become

oxygen and carbohydrates, in the presence of light.

Which of the following are produced by the light reactions?

oxygen, ATP, NADPH

What allows oxygen that is produced by photosynthesis to escape and allow carbon dioxide to be obtained?

stomata

In which of the following does glycolysis take place?

cytoplasm

What is used in the Krebs cycle?

2 Pyruvate

What is produced in the Krebs cycle?

8 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, 6 CO2

How many molecules of ATP are produced for every molecule of glucose during cellular respiration?

36

What is produced in glycolysis?

4 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 Pyruvate, H2O

What is used in glycolysis?

glucose, 2 ATP;

What does it mean for a process to be "anaerobic"?

without oxygen

What is produced in the electron transport chain?

ATP

What is used in the electron transport chain?

NADH, FADH